Insect Species Diversity And Fauna Distribution Characteristics Of Mulanweichang

Mulanweichang is the largest forest ecosystem in Hebei Province,and it is also an important ecological barrier of wind prevention and sand fixation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.However,there has not been any comprehensive investigation on insect species diversity in Mulanweichang.From June to August of 2015 and 2016,the author and her research team investigated the insect resources of this forest landscape,and obtained more than 20,000 specimens.In total,1024 species were recorded from this area through identificationed and literatures.This work revealed the diversity of insects in Mulanweichang.The results are reported as follows:(I)Insect species diversityThrough the identification of specimens and the excerpt of literature records,there were 1024 species of insects recorded from Mulanweichang,which belonging to 3 classes,17 orders,133 families,and 701 genera.Among them,single species of Protura belong to one genus and one family was recorded(accounted for 0.10% of the total species),single species of Diplura belong to one genus and one family(accounted for 0.10% of the total species),1022 species of Insecta belong to 699 genera,131 families and 15 class(accounted for 99.80% of the total species).In the class Insecta,the dominant orders were Lepidoptera(including 31 families,330 genera,482 species),Coleoptera(including 18 families,157 genera,232 species)and Diptera(including 13 families,50 genera,97 species).The species of the above three orders accounted for 811 species,taking up 79.20% of the total species.These three orders were the main taxa of species diversity of Mulanweichang.On the family-level,there were 113 families with species less than 10,contained species accounted for 84.33% of total species.On the genera-level,there were 512 single-species genera which accounted for 73.78%.(II)Feature of faunistic components1)In the zoogeographic realms of the world,the faunal components of Mulanweichang were mainly derived from three faunistic components,which were Palearctic,Sino-Japanese and Oriental Realms.Their proportion ranges from high to low in sequence: Sino-Japanese + Palearctic Realms(60.37%)? Sino-Japanese + Palearctic + Oriental Realms(21.62%)? Sino-Japanese Realm(3.13%).The insects from Mulanweichang were closely related to Sino-Japanese Realm(1022 species /100.00%),followed by Palaearctic Realm(969 species /94.81%).2)In the zoogeographic regions of China,the results showed obviously that faunistic components of Mulanweichang are mainly the common species distributed in both North China,Northeast and Mongolia-Xinjiang regions(115 species /11.25%),the second was overall China(101 species /9.88%),then North China + Northeast region(87 species /8.51%).The insects from Mulanweichang were closely related to North China region(1022 species /100.00%),followed by Northeast region(760 species /74.36 %),and then Mongolia-Xinjiang region(666 species /65.17%).(III)Community dynamic and diversity analysis of moths1)The appearance and quantity of moths were compared in Mulanweichang from June to August 2015.In total,331 species were collected,belonging to 233 genera and 18 families.Among them,families Noctuidae,Ueometridae and Notodontidae accounted for 57.51% of the total genera and 61.09% of the total species.2)The results of ?-diversity analysis in light trapped moths showed that,the most important factor influenced diversity of the moths was the forest type,followed by the month,and the least influence was altitudinal distribution.The moth's ?-diversity in different forest types and different months were analyzed.The results showed the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,species richness and individual number in broad-leaved forest were higher than the mixed and conifer forest.The species of moths in July were abundant to June and August,and the community was relatively stable and beneficial to reproduction of moths.3)The moth species-abundance curve was in accordance with the niche-preemption hypothesis.The results showed that the overall moth species in Mulanweichang was instability,and the species number was relatively small.This is due to a single ecological environment dominated by coniferous forests such as northern larch,pine and spruce.It was also related to the increased numbers of tourists and human activity intervention in these years.(IV)The type and conservation of insect resourceAccording to the ecological function,the insect resources in Mulanweichang were divided into four categories: ornamental insect,medicinal insect,pollinators and natural enemy insect.And three preliminary suggestions on the protection and utilization of insect resources were proposed.