Study On The Vascular Plants In The Wetlands Of The Middle And Lower Reaches Of The Manas River,xinjiang

Wetland is an important ecosystem on the earth.It plays an important role in Xinjiang,which is located in the arid and semi-arid regions of the interior of China.The Manas River Basin is an important wetland ecosystem in Xinjiang.It originates from the middle section of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and passes through alluvial plains in the south-central Junggar Basin.It forms a relatively extensive spring overflow belt and wetland ecosystem,and it is also an important part of the agricultural ecosystem,which is the old and new oasis of Manas,Shawan,the Eighth Division and Seven Division of the Corps.The wetland of the Manas River Basin is a weak area for biodiversity research and a key area for the distribution of species diversity.Because of the effects of many factors such as river diversion,interception,reservoir construction,reclamation of farmland and fisheries,the wetland area has gradually decreased and fragmented.The wetland vegetation and its species diversity face a great threat.Therefore,to investigate the wetland plant species in this area have a great practical significance.In this study,the wetland vascular plants in the middle and lower reaches of the Manasi River in Xinjiang were studied.Through field observations and the collection and identification of plant specimens,combined with relevant literature data,the systematic morphological taxonomic studies were carried out.Its species diversity and the characteristics of the flora were analyzed and summarized.Results showed that:1.Species composition: There were total 323 vascular plants belonded to 58 families and 170 genera in the area,including 3 families,3 genera,5 species of ferns and 55 families,167 genera,318 species of angiosperms,accounting for 98.45% of the total number of vascular plants in the area.Among them,there were 218 species of dicotyledons belonged to 42 families,125 genera and 100 species of monocotyledons belonged to 13 families,42 genera.The angiosperms were predominant in the composition of the vascular flora of the wetland,and were dominated by dicotyledons.2.The composition of families and genera: The plants families of the vascular plants in this area is concentrated in five dominant families,included Compositae,Gramineae,Cyperaceae,Fabaceae,and Cruciferae.The family are also dominated by few species family and single species family simultaneously.The genus has a higher degree of differentiation,82.35% of the plant species are concentrated in small genus and single genera,they occupy an absolute advantage in the flora of the area,while Carex(12 species),Potamogeton(9 species),Salix(8 species),Polygonum(8 species)and Taraxacum(8 species)have the most abundant species.3.Endemic phenomenon: No regional endemic species in this area,the endemic phenomena of vascular plants in this area is not obvious.There were one species of China endemic species,one species of Xinjiang endemic species,three genera were only distributed in Xinjiang in China and 95 species 2 subspecies 2 variants were only distributed in Xinjiang in China.4.Rare and Endangered Plants: 9 species are recorded in Chinese Species Red List,including one species of endangered species and 8 least concern species.There are 3 species of national key protected wild plants and 8 kinds of key protected wild plants in Xinjiang.5.Life-form characteristics: From the perspective of life-form composition of vascular plants in this area,there are abundant types of plant life types in the area,including arbors(5 species),shrubs(22 species),semi-shrubs(3 species),perennial herbs(187 species)and 1st and 2nd year herbs(106 species)5 types.It can be seen that the plant life form in this area is mainly herbaceous plants,accounting for 90.71% of the total species.6.Ecological characteristics: The vascular plants in the wetland of this area can be divided into 4 ecological types,including 101 species of mesophytes,164 species of wet plants,39 species of aquatic plants,and 19 species of halophytes.It can be seen that the main ecological types of plants in this area are wet plants,while the mesophytes also occupy a large proportion.7.Characteristics of habitat diversity: The type of habitat in the wetland is relatively abundant.The habitat of the mesotype plant species is extensive,and salinized wetlands and salinized meadows mainly grow halophyte groups.In addition,the habitats of wet and aquatic plants in the area have strong adaptability.There are certain differences in the distribution of these four types of habitats in lakes,rivers,streams,ponds,reservoirs,and agricultural areas,and at the same time they have multiple interlacing effects..8.Geographical composition of flora: From the perspective of the type of distribution area,there are 3 genera of ferns in this area,including the Northern temperate zone and the World distribution two distribution types;the floristic components of the seed plant genus are more complex,including 9 distribution types and 9 variants,of which the temperate nature is extremely obvious,and it is most closely related to the flora of the Northern temperate zone.At the same time,the temperate zone and its variants in the Old World and the Mediterranean and Western Asian,Central Asian and its variants have obvious advantages,and other geographical components infiltrate slightly.From a historical point of view,aquatic and wet vascular plant species in this area are very rich,but the current status of the survey shows that the wetland of this basin is constantly deteriorating,and its species diversity is seriously damaged.Therefore,strengthening the ecological and environmental protection of the wetland in this area cannot be delayed.In addition,through preliminary collation,it was found that the types of plant resources in this area were relatively abundant.It can be seen that the current status and changing trends of important plant resources in the area need to be further studied.