| Biodiversity is the material basis for human survival.The establishment of nature reserves is the most effective way to protect biodiversity.However,due to various factors such as nature,economy and society,nature reserves have to be adjusted in the scope or function area.This adjustment may have positive or negative effects on the ecological environment of the nature reserve.Therefore,monitoring the changes of biodiversity after the adjustment can be more effective in the development of the protected areas.The policy provides a strong basis.Since the self built area of the Karamaili Mountain Nature reserve has been adjusted many times,and it has been divided into two parts by the 216 national road,so the habitat of the protected area has been changed greatly.From July 2017 to November 2017,the study was carried out by line transect method and sample method in the contrast area and the Kamusite Industrial Park.The composition and diversity of the two regions were compared and analyzed by the factors of human activity,water source and habitat type.From April 2017 to November 2017,we set up 105 infrared cameras on the four areas of two sides of 216 national road to monitor the difference of the species composition,relative abundance and camera shooting rate of animals and birds in each region.The results show that:(1)the number of birds and animals in the contrast area of Karamaili protected area were significantly greater than that of the region(birds:Z=-3.445,P=0.001;mammals:Z=-4.102,P=0.000;birds and animals:Z=-4.317,P=0.000),and the animal diversity index,richness index and evenness index in the contrast area were higher than K area(the contrast area were 2.27,3.72,0.69 and the K area were 1.33,1.83,0.58,respectively);and the plant diversity index,richness index and evenness index were lower than those of the contrast area(plant number:Z=-6.188,P=0.000;Margalef richness index:Z=-6.330,P=0.000 Shannon-Wiener diversity index:Z=-6.513,P=0.000;Pielou evenness index:Z=-2.147,P=0.032);and the index of the same habitats is lower than the contrast area,but the similarity of the two regions is higher(similarity coefficient:Animal:0.54,plant:0.74).(2)in the contrast area,there was a higher number of bird species near the source point(P=0.039),while there was no difference in the K area(P=0.175).There were significant differences in the number of plant species,richness index,diversity index and evenness index in different habitats(number of species:?2=41.143,df=5,P=0.000;richness index:?2=42.192,df=5,P=0.000;multiplicity index:?2=50.133,df=5,P=0.000;uniformity index:?2=14.214,df=5,P=0.014),The results are:Sandy Desert>gravel desert>loess desert>mountain gravelly desert>red soil desert.(3)The comparative analysis of species composition of birds and animals in four regions on both sides of the highway showed that the species diversity in areas far away from the road and less human activities was higher(bird and animal:diversity index:F=2.962,P=0.036,homogeneity index:F=5.650,P=0.001).Birds and animals and bird diversity were higher in the 6-15km area from the 216 National Road(Bird Diversity:P=0.006,bird diversity:P=0.008).The homogeneity index of the camera,animal and beast without human activity is greater than that of 1-3 photographed photographs(evenness index:bird and animal:P=0.006,animal:P=0.022),indicating that in the area of human activity,the frequency of wild animals decreasing,and there is an influence of human interference on the distribution of animals. |
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