Winter Nutritional Adaptive Strategy Of Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa) In Northern Forest Of Changbai Mountains

From December 2014 to March 2016,in order to study nutritional adaptive strategy of wild boar in winter,we selected five areas in the northern forest area of Changbai Mountains,named Hunchun,Wangqing,Huangnihe,Tianqiaoling and Muling.And we collected 117 fecal samples.The main findings are as follows:1.Identified by individuals and gender,29 female wild boars and 56 male wild boars were identified from 117 fecal samples.2.According to the analysis of relative volume and micro,winter diet of wild boar in 5 areas is mainly plant and a very small part of animal.Among them,equisetum,carex,pine,moss,ferns,lonicera,acer,ulmus,salix,sorbus,juglans,corylus,coyrlus,padus,etc.Equisetum,carex and pine accounts for more than 70%of the total food composition,which is their major food in winter.3.Among the five areas,the richness of food composition of male and female wild boars were lowest in Huangnihe,followed by Muling.and the Shannon-Wiener index,species evenness index and niche breadth of male and female wild boars in Muling were the lowest.The food species richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,species evenness index and species niche breadth were relatively high in Hunchun and Wangqing.4.On local scale,the main food types of female and male wild boars were largely the same.But on the regional scale,the main foods of female and male wild boars were different.The result of nutritional geometry model showed that the protein content of main food was about 10.25 percent,the average fat content was about 7.16 percent,and the average neutral detergent fiber content was about 82.59 percent.Compared with males,females chose plants with higher protein and fat,and lower fiber,but protein and fat in the main foods in Huangnihe and Muling were higher than the overall average.5.There was no significant difference in cortisol within the five areas on the local scale.On the regional scale,the cortisol of male wild boars in Wangqing was significantly different from that of male wild boars in Muling.The progesterone in female wild boar in Wangqing was significantly different from that in Huangnihe.There was significant difference in thyroid hormone between male and female wild boars in Huangnihe.There were significant differences in thyroid hormone between female wild boar in Hunchun and other four areas,and the thyroid hormone of female wild boar in Huangnihe area was also significantly different from female wild boar in Hunchun,Wangqing and Muling.The thyroid hormone of male wild boar in Hunchun was significantly different from other four areas,and the thyroid hormone in male wild boar in Huangjihe area was significantly different from Hunchun,Wangqing and Muling.6.There was no significant correlation between fecal nitrogen and cortisol,progesterone,but a significant correlation between fecal nitrogen and thyroid hormone,which the higher the fecal nitrogen of female and male wild boars,the higher the thyroid hormone in feces.In the relationship between hormone and nutrients;there was a significant negative correlation between fiber intake and thyroid hormone(P=0.0018);a positive correlation between fat intake of female wild boar and thyroid hormone(P = 0.0307);and a significant positive correlation between fat intake and thyroid hormone in male wild boar.There was a significant negative correlation between fiber intake and thyroid hormone(P = 0.0114).The female wild boar showed a significant negative correlation between progesterone and fat(P = 0.0045).7.The ratio of actual absolute intake of crude protein of female and male wild boars was about 1.00,the ratio of female and male in Hunchun was the highest,and that in Muling was the lowest,and the difference of actual absolute intake of crude protein in male and female was the largest in Hunchun.The negative difference was the largest in Muling,and the protein intake of female wild boar in Muling was much lower than that of male.The ratio of the actual absolute intake of crude fat of female and male wild boars was about 0.99,the ratio of female and male was the highest in Tianqiaoling,and the ratio of male and female was the lowest in Wangqing,and only the difference of actual absolute intake of crude fat in Tianqiaoling was positive.Hunchun,The difference between male and female wild boar was negative,the most negative difference was Huangnihe,and the second was Wangqing,The ratio of actual absolute intake of neutral detergent fiber in male and female wild boars was about 1.01.The ratio was the largest in Wangqing and the smallest in Muling area,and the positive difference of actual absolute fiber intake of male and female wild boars was the largest in Wangqing.The negative difference between male and female wild boars was the largest in Muling,whereas Muling was opposite.