Genetic Diversity And Factors Affecting Migration Of Wild Boar(Sus Scrofa) In Northern Changbai Mountains

By collecting 140 feces from 5 sites in northern Changbai Mountains,we evaluated genetic diversity,genetic structure and migration rate with 9 microsatellite locus recommended by the FAO.Main contributions of this study are as follows:The 9 microsatellite locus used in the study have no obvious linkage phenomenon,which detected 101 alleles from 6(SW857)to 15(S0101)by each loci.All microsatellite locus are highly polymorphic with the PIC value varied from 0.625(SW857)to 0.888(S0101),which can reflect the genetic status of wild boar.According to the results of genetic parameters,the number of private alleles ranged from 1(Tianqiaoling)to 11(Muling).The average number of alleles,the effective alleles,the average observed heteozygosity and the average expected heterozygosity were 6.978,4.368,0.785 and 0.734,respectively.On the basis of He,the order of genetic diversity from low to high is Tianqiaoling,Wangqing,the southern Zhangguangcai Mountains,Muling and Hunchun.A total of 6 loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium across five geographic populations(P<0.05).Under the assumption of TPM and SMM,the results of the bottleneck effect showed that P values of Wilcoxon's two tails test were higher than 0.05,and no significant deviation from mutation drift equilibrium was found in all groups.Therefore,wild boar has not experienced a genetic bottleneck recently.The FST value of five geographic populations ranged from 0.023 to 0.070.The genetic difference among populations was small,but the genetic difference was significant(P<0.05).With the results of AMOVA,only 5%of the variation was found among populations.According to STRUCTURE result,the five geographic populations were divided into two genetic structures.Used the Bayesian method to calculate migration rate among populations,it was shown that Tianqiaoling was a source population which had a high level of gene flow with Wangqing defined as a sink population.Among the four environmental factors,there was a significant correlation between aspect and net migration rate.Wild boar tended to migrate to the habitat of the southeast slope,which may be related to habitat selection and wind direction.