Research On Winter Habitat Suitability And Movement Behavior Of Wild Boar In The Eastern Mountain Area Of Jilin Province

Wildlife population and individual movement are infected not only extra habitat environmental conditions, but also internal drivers of behavioral requirements. Studies of wildlife movement ecology are significant to understand habitat selection, home selection, spatial distribution and interaction with other species of wildlife population. In this study, we invested habitat of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in HunChun, Huangnihe, Wangqing and Tianqiaoling, and selected 11 habitat factors to evaluate habitat suitability of wild boar and their effects on behaviors. We set and finished 66 line transects,1458 plots (10×10m) and 7290 smaller plots (2mx2m) and followed 104 footprint chains of wild boar, in which 74 ones can be used for sexual identification from December 19th,2014 to March 20th,2015 and January 7th,2016 to January 28th,2016. The software of GIS (Geographic Information System), R(v 3.2.4) were used to process and analyze our data and several models (GLM, GAM, GLMM, and so on)were used to assess habitat suitability of wild boar in different study areas, then explored the effects of different habitat factors on movements of wild boar. The major results of this study as follows:1. Habitat selection of wild boar in those four areas was significantly infected by cover classes of habitat and broad leaved forest, and not significantly infected by the abundance of food, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest and rivers.2. In HunChun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve, habitat selection of wild boar was not significantly infected by abundance of food and staple food. In Wangqing National Nature Reserve, habitat selection of wild boar was significantly infected by snow depth and poplar-birch forest. In Huangnihe National Nature Reserve, habitat selection of wild boar was not significantly infected by roads. In Tianqiaoling Forestry Bureau was habitat selection of wild boar was significantly infected by snow depth and non-significantly infected by mixed forest and rivers.3. There were significant differences among step ranges at minimum autocorrelation in four study areas, which indicated that wild boar had different spatial scale utilization in different habitats. Spatial scale utilization of wild boar was minimum in Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve, then Wangqing National Nature Reserve and it was maximum in Huangnihe National Nature Reserve and Tianqiaoling Forestry Bureau.4. In four studied areas, behaviors at t moment were infected by their at t-1 moment of both sexes of wild boars. For female wild boar, movement and defecation behaviors at t moment were infected by defecation at t-1 moment and resting behavior at t moment was infected by resting and defecation at t-1 moment. For male wild boar, movement behavior at t moment was infected by foraging, defecation and resting at t-1 moment, while foraging, defecation and resting at t moment were infected by these behaviors at t-1 moment.5. Behaviors of wild boar in the four studied areas were infected by different habitat factors. In Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve, behaviors of wild boar were mainly infected by altitude, coniferous forest and broad leaved forest. In Wangqing National Nature Reserve, behaviors of wild boar were mainly infected by altitude and aspect. In Huangnihe National Nature Reserve, behaviors of wild boar were mainly infected by slope, aspect and roads. While in Tianqiaoling Forestry Bureau, behaviors of wild boar were mainly infected by broad leaved forest and habitat suitability.