| The decrease of birth rate and increase in life expectancy have made the population structure of China imbalance.In 1999,China entered the aging society,and then the aging has deepened.From 1999 to 2017,the number of old people in China has increased about 82.24%in eighteen years.And the aging population of rural place is much higher than cities.China is facing a serious challenge of aging.At the same time,the construction of industrialization and urbanization makes the city have a large demand for the labor force,and the advantages of the cities have a strong attraction to the rural people.The rural labors move to the cities constantly.The migration of the population brings a certain increase in rural household income,but it also caused the aggravation of the rural aging,the weaken of the traditional concept of rural supporting,the imbalance of income and expenditure in rural aging insurance and the increased demand for aging service in rural areas.It is very hard for the traditional supporting way to keep working,since less young people but more old people,and labors always get out from the villages make the traditional family supporting model in the countryside unsustainable.Since China getting old before getting rich,the aging security system of China is week,especially in rural areas.It is hard to solve the problem of aging.Institution-care is not accepted by most of rural elderly people because of the high fees of high quality institutions,the poor quality of public institutions and so on.The occupancy rate of institutions is low.So it is imbalance between the supply and demand.How to solve the problem of supporting the elderly under the dual pressure of aging and migration,is very urgently.Hai'an,a county of Nantong,which city the aging problem is the most serious,is also a county of population output.This paper selects Hai'an as the research object.Through the study of the local aging insurance policies and systems,combined with the research of the local old people and aging service institutions,we analyze the current situation of aging security system and aging service in Hai'an.And then,we find out and summarize five problems of elderly supporting in local place,such as the weaken of the traditional concept of rural support,the more heavier burden of family support,the elderly's weak capacity of supporting oneself,the low level of aging security,the imbalance of the supply and demand for the aged and so on.We also have the further analysis of dual pressure,population aging and migration,and how does it affect the rural elderly.And we concluded that dual pressure increases the economic and mental pressure of rural family supporting,weaken the traditional support concept,and have multiple effects on the rural economy and farmers' income.On the rural social security system for aging,the dual pressure lead to the reduction in the quantity and proportion of the endowment insurance personnel.Under the current basic aging insurance system in urban areas,people gets the pension in the early retirement age,and as the increase in life expectancy,the years of enjoy the pension is increasing.All these lead the relatively decrease in the pension income and the continuous increase of the expenditure.And the imbalance of the pension between the regions is more prominent.On the rural aging service,the dual pressure makes the demand for social aging service increase greatly,and rural elderly need more diversified,multilevel and specialized services.Finally,compared with the key points and difficulty of rural aging,we put forward some suggestions.First,we should attach importance to ideological guidance,guide people to respect the elderly and love them,take care of them.We should guide the old people to strengthen themselves,form the consciousness of self-care for the aged,and make the planning for it.And we also should guide the rural people to eliminate the old ideas and accept the social endowment model.Second,we should optimize the income structure of rural families and expand the source of farmers' income.We can get these through the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization and the promotion of the employment of the elderly.Then the rural people will have more money for elderly supporting.Third,we should attract rural labors to return home for employment and entrepreneurship.We can promote the development of small towns and implement the policy of "phoenix return to the nest".Then,there will be more young people to take care of the elderly in rural areas.Fourth,we can improve the old-age insurance system through increasing the income of pension,optimizing the mode of pension expenditure,implementing the national overall plan of the basic pension insurance and establishing the pension sharing mechanism.At last,we can promote the comprehensive development of the aging service industry by releasing the aging service market,encouraging the coordinated development of the aging service,and optimizing the supply mode of the aging service. |
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