Risk Assessment Of Heavy Rain Disasters In Mountainous Ecological Scenic Spots

In the process of human development, the struggle against natural disasters has never been interrupted. Especially in today, global warming, extreme weather occurs frequently, natural disasters have become one of the important factors that restrict the sustainable development of society. As one kind of extreme weather, rainstorm has the characteristics of strong intensity, long duration, large scale, etc., and it is easy to cause flash floods, landslides, debris flows and other disasters, and the threat to human life and property is more and more serious. In order to reduce the adverse effects of rainstorm on human and environment, it is very important to carry out the risk assessment of rainstorm disaster.Nowadays, with the rapid development of social economy, mankind has not only satisfied with the material needs, more is the pursuit of the satisfaction of spiritual and psychological pleasure, which makes China's tourism industry has been rapid growth in recent years, it strong pull the promotion of national economy. Shaanxi Province as a province of tourism, in the "12th Five-Year Plan" clearly pointed out, to create historical and cultural tourism, ecological tourism, and red tourism brand series, accelerate the development of ecological tourism in Qinling Mountains. Lie in the middle of China's Qinling Mountainous, beautiful scenery and pleasant, with excellent conditions for ecological tourism, with the completion of three wear Qin (Ling) highway, the Qinling Mountains ecological tourism is developing rapidly. However, Qinling Mountains is also the country's high incidence of natural disasters, natural disasters triggered by rainstorm, increasing the risk of travel.Under the National Natural Science Fund Project "Study on wvaluation of tourist risk perception of rainstorm disaster in Qinling Mountains based on bounded rationality model" (41371497) funding, in this paper, based on natural disaster cause theory, evaluate the rainstorm disaster risk of mountain ecological scenic spot. Combine the ecological and tourism attractions of mountain ecological scenic spot, constructe rainstorm disaster risk evaluation index system of mountain ecological scenic spot from the five aspects of risk, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention and reduction capacity. The weight of index is calculated by entropy weight-analytic hierarchy process method, and classification the evaluation index. The GIS technology grid was used to construct spatial units of mountain ecological scenic spot, and calculate the rainstorm disaster risk value of grid. In the empirical analysis, select the Qinling Huayang town scenic spot as a case, because it has good tourism development and rainstorm disaster occurred frequently, Huayang town scenic spot was subjected to rainstorm disaster risk evaluate, and got the risk zoning map. Finally, the paper puts forward the management measures for the rainstorm disaster risk degree in different regions.The research contents of this paper mainly include the following four aspects:(1) Construction mountain ecological scenic spot rainstorm disaster risk evaluation index systemBasic the principles of constructing index system, through access to domestic and foreign literatures and consulting the experts, combined with rainstorm disaster study and tourism scenic features,45 evaluation indexes were selected from risk, exposure, vulnerability, disaster prevention and disaster reduction, and construct the mountain ecological scenic spot rainstorm disaster risk evaluation index system.(2) Determination of evaluation index weightThe weight of evaluation index can objectively reflect the importance of index, the accuracy of the results is closely related to the method of determining the weight value. By comparing various weight assignment methods, the selection of the entropy weight-analytic hierarchy process method, not only objectively reflects the law of the survey data, but also make the results closer to the objective reality, effectively avoid the shortcomings of subjective and objective weighting method.(3) Mountain ecological scenic spot rainstorm disaster risk calculation modelIn this paper, the establishments of mountain ecological scenic spot rainstorm disaster risk calculation model draws on the natural disaster cause theory and disaster risk model, and the use of entropy weight-analytic hierarchy process to obtain the comprehensive weight of evaluation indexes.(4) Qinling Huayang town scenic spot rainstorm disaster risks evaluateIn this paper, the Qinling Huayang town scenic spot as a study case, on the basis of access to data and to quantify, combining scenic tourist attractions and the actual situation, select the 43 rainstorm disaster evaluation index of risk. Using entropy-AHP to determine the index weight values, use the grid method and GIS technology to build Huayang town scenic spot space unit, and the various attractions rainstorm disaster risk value was calculated by the rainstorm disaster risk model. Finally, comprehensive evaluation of Huayang town scenic spot rainstorm disaster risk. Give suggestions for risk management of risk area, to provide some help for the stable development of Huayang scenic area.Through the study of the risk evaluation of Qinling Huayang town scenic spot, obtained the following conclusions:(1) In terms of rainstorm hazards risk, the high-risk areas are distributed on thethree tour routes leading to the hinterland of Qinling Mountains.(2) In terms of exposure to rainstorm hazards, high-exposure areas concentrated in Huayang Street, which is the most concentrated area of tourists.(3) In terms of rainstorm disaster vulnerability, High vulnerability areas along Hongyagou red trekking routes distribution; Tangluo load ecological tourist routes for high area of vulnerability; Huyang Street is of the middle vulnerability; and Yuanyang River wildlife viewing routes was of the lowest vulnerability.(4) In terms of rainstorm disaster prevention ability, Huayng Street was of the highest disaster prevention ability, significantly higher than the other three to urist routes. Tangluo ancient load ecological tourist route is of the middle disaste r prevention ability; Disaster prevention ability of Hongyagou red trekking routes and the wildlife viewing line of Yuanyang River was the lowest.(5) In terms of rainstorm disaster conduction ability, Huayang Street in high reduction capacity region; most of the attractions in Tangluo road ecological tourist routes and Hongyagou red trekking routes are in low reduction capacity region; Yuanyang River wildlife viewing routes of Golden Monkey Valley for high capacity in disaster reduction area, Rhesus Monkey Park and Rainbow Falls attractions in medium disaster reduction capacity region.(6) In terms of the comprehensive ability of risk, the risk degree of Huayang Street had the highest in high risk areas. Secondly, the risk larger spots Hongyagou tourism lines in high-risk areas. On the Yuanyang River wild animal viewing route, Rainbow Falls's risk is bigger, Golden Monkey and Macaque Valley Park are low risk areas. Most of the tourist attractions in Tang Luo road ecological tourist routes in low risk area.