Classification Of Chinese Genus Corydalis And Its DNA Barcode Research

The genus Gergithus belong to the tribe Hemisphaeriini of family Issidae(Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea), Gergithus has reported 58 species in the world and 35 species in China. This thesis is a trodationnal taxonomic and DNA studies of the genus Gergithus from China. At trodational studies, the research firstly overview on taxonomy and molecular systematics of Gergithus, and the biological characteristics, biological informations, taxonomic characteristics, terminology, studied materials and methods are also introduced; base on the large number of specimens examined, 37 Chinese species(including 2 new species) of Gergithus are systematically recorded, and illustrations of 14 species character are given in detail. At DNA studies, based on the data of morphological characteristics and four molecular sequences(CO I, 28 S r DNA 16 S r DNA and ITS 1), phylogenetic relationships within species of Gergithus in China are preliminarily analysed. All specimens, studied here, are deposited in the Insititute of Entomology, Guizhou University(GUGC). 1. Taxonomy37 Chinese species of genus Gergithus, including 2 new species, are recorded. Generic characteristics and keys to all Chinese species are provided, and 14 species are described and illustrated in detail. The taxa are following:New species(2)Gergithus guizhouensis sp.nov.Gergithus diplopectinaus sp.nov. 2. DNA study14 species as test samples to the experiment, extract DNA sequence, amplification DNA segments of purpose(CO I, 28 sr DNA 16 S r DNA and ITS 1), PCR products are sent to sequencing company for Nucleotide sequencing which are compared and corrected and so on. The determined data are respectively analysed by Nucleotide composition, genetic distance, phylogenetic signal analysis and Phylogenetic tree(base on MP, NJ and ML methods). Although the different messages from different sequences, the some common conclutions are given in the study.More than 130 sequences are returned, 111 available sequences after the correction, including 11 species of COI, 14 species of 16 S r DNA, 9 species of 28 S r DNA and 9 species of ITS1. 3. The faunal structuresThe faunal structures of the Chinese Gergithus at generic and specific levels are examined. 37 known species constitute 5 distribution patterns in Zoogeographic regions in China; among them, the highest proportion is the Huanan region(75.67%) with 28 species; the highest proportion of cross regional patterns is Huazhong region-Huanan region(10.84%) with 4 species; then, Xinan regions with 3 species as second single rigions proportion as 8.11%; showing fauna of Chinese Gergithus at generic level—typical Huanan region pattern of Orienal region, and much closely contacts with Huazhong region. 4. PhylogenyBasing on data of 53 morphological characteristics and 3 DNA sequences(CO I, 28 S r DNA, 16 S r DNA and ITS 1) from partial specimens of Gergithus, phylogenetic analyzes of Chinese species of Gergithus are analyzed by two analytical softwares(PAUP 4.0 and MEGA 6.0) and three methods(MP, NJ and ML). totally 2 phylogenetic trees(basing on morphological data) and 15 phylogenetic trees(basing on DNA data) are generated. Some similarities and differences among the trees in different methods and procedures are also respectively analyzed.(1) Phylogenetic trees based on morphological data is similar to traditional results. Both MP and NJ trees show that G. biamculatus, G. tristriatus and G. guizhouensis sp.nov. at root of the tree, then respectively cluster to a large branch, indicating that these three species are the same natural classification group with absent or reduced appendix on forewing as their synapomorphy; Gergithus never separated in two trees, supporting it as a signal genus as it should be.(2) Phylogenetic trees based on DNA data support G. parallelus always at root of the tree, the result is different morphological phylogenetic tree. G. rugiformis always together with genus Hemisphaerius are separated as out group when use CO I and 16 S r DNA sequence to analysis, Classification status of G. rugiformis is doubt, but this species is more like genus Gergithus in morphology.