Design And Research Of X-band T/R Module For Phased Array Radar

According to different working systems,phased array radar(PAR)are generally classified into active phased array radar and passive phased array radar,each antenna array element of an active phased array radar is connected to a sub-transceiver module composed of a solid-state power amplifier,a low noise amplifier,a digital phase shifter,an adjustable attenuator and so on.Passive phased array radars usually have only one or a few high-power transmitters that consist of vacuum electronic devices.The active phased array radar can realize the beamforming by controlling the phase difference of signals between the antenna array elements,make the overall signal waveform reach a larger transmit power in a given direction,this method reduces the dependence on highpower devices and reduces the design difficulty.Compared to vacuum electronic devices in passive phased array radars,the use of solid-state power devices with lower operating voltages allows active phased array radars to be smaller,lighter,and the system responds faster and has higher reliability.Active phased array radars have attracted widespread attention in the industry for their many advantages.The design of transceiver modules is the most important issue in the design of active phased array radars,the overall performance of an active phased array radar will directly depend on the operating performance of transceiver module,and the manufacturing cost of the transceiver module accounts for almost 70% of the total cost of the radar.Therefore,the rational design of a low cost,small size,high reliability of the transceiver components is the key to the broader application prospects of active phased array radar.In this paper,a transceiver module working in the X band had been designed.Independent modules including circulators,power amplifiers,low noise amplifiers,microwave switches,and digital/analog phase shifter were designed and manufactured using hybrid integrated circuits and the corresponding tests were completed,also innovatively designed some key devices such as microwave circulator and analog phase shifter.An ultra-wideband microstrip ferrite circulator at frequency range from 6GHz to 18 GHz was designed,a circuit board composed of a composite ferrite material is innovatively adopted,the circulator produced by this kind of circuit board can work at triple octave bandwidth,and realizes the requirement of widening and miniaturization of the circulator,which lays the foundation for the design of broadband transceiver modules in the future.A 360° adjustable analog phase shifter at frequency range from 9.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz was designed,the analog phase shifter is composed of a circulator and a reflective reactance network connected to circulator.By rationally designing the internal structure of the reflective reactance network,the phase shift of the analog phase shifter under the condition that only two varactors are used can be continuously adjusted within 0~360°,the design requirements for the miniaturization of the analog phase shifter have been achieved,laying the foundation for the miniaturization of radar transceiver module in the future.