The Effects Of Two-Child Policy On White-Collar Professional Women

China has set the one-child policy as a national policy and written into the Constitution Since 1982,although the policy has achieved remarkable success,the policy also cause such as an aging population,the high sex ratio at birth in the occurrence of these problems.In order to alleviate the seriousness of the problem,the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party announced the formal launch of the selective two-child policy,that is,a couple as long as one is the only child can have a second child.In Oct.2015,the state declared the universal two-child policy that one couple can fertilize two children.This policy is another key adjustment on family planning policy after the selective two-child policy.When states the influence on the new policy,the national health and family planning commission of China analyzed mainly from the perspective of population,economy,society and family,and believed that the universal two child policy is good to improve population structure,slow down the trend of population aging,promote the balanced development of population,maintain long-term healthy development of economy and society,promote a happy family and create a harmonious society.However,academia deeply study the effect of two-child policy on population structure and population,pointing out that although universal two-child policy can slow down the population aging trend and decline the speed of future workforce reduction at a certain extent,the policy effect is limited,it can’t change trend.The above on interpreting the influence of the new policy all from the macroscopic angle,but academia rarely discuss the effect of the new policy from individual perspective,especially the women’s position.Based on this,the author selects young female teacher from A university as samples in order to study the two-child policy influence on white-collar professional women by means of literature reviews,questionnaires and interviews,attempting to reveal two-child policy for white-collar professional women’s positive effects and negative effects,and on the basis of the analysis on the two-child policy negative effects on white-collar professional women,the author gives countermeasures and suggestions for the suppression of negative influence respectively from three aspects of national,family and female.This paper is consisted of five parts.The first part is the introduction,mainly expounding the research background,research significance and literature related to academic research,and briefly commenting the related literature.The second part is the research design.This part is about the detailed definition of key concepts in this thesis and the interpretation of the relevant theory,research methods and research framework.The third part and the fourth part is the main body of the paper.The third part is the effect of two-child policy on white-collar professional women,including positive effects and negative effects.The first positive effect of two-child policy on white-collar professional women is the two-child policy meets the needs of white-collar professional women who want to have second child,and white-collar professional women’s fertility space extended.The second positive effect of two-child policy on white-collar professional women is the increasement of white-collar professional women’s fertility effect and the improvement of white-collar professional women’s subjective well-being.The analysis on negative effects of two-child policy on white-collar professional women is mainly from four aspects,including fertility reproductive risks,economic costs,career and family relationships.First,if white-collar professional women have a child again,they need to take multiple risks and bear the heavy burden of physical and psychological body.Second,if white-collar professional women have a child again,their economic costs will increase.Third,if white-collar professional women have a child again,their career development will be hindered.For example,white-collar professional women’s occupation will be interrupted or disrupted due to fertility and their career continuity will be destroyed.Besides,white-collar professional women’s professional capital accumulation will be affected.When white-collar professional women return to work,they will face many conflicts in balancing work and family relationships and face many difficulties.Fourth,the family relationship will be complicated.The impact of white-collar professional women’s family relationship without the wishes of the second child is mainly due to the conflict between the wishes of the white-collar professional women and the wishes of the two children of the family,leading to the emergence of family disharmony,and even the emergence of family conflicts,so the stability of family relationships will face challenges.The impact of white-collar professional women’s family relationship with the wish of the second child is mainly related to the relationship with their husband and the inter-generational relationships with their children and their parents.The occurrence of the second child will cause the short of alone time with each other.The occurrence of the second child will cause the conflict in family matters or educational problems between white-collar professional women and their parents.The occurrence of the second child will cause the complicated relationships between white-collar professional women and their child.The fourth part mainly puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions that can be taken to curb the negative impact of the two-child policy on white-collar professional women.The countermeasures and suggestions are including the government level,family level and female individual level.The countermeasures and suggestions from government level are increasing the gender consciousness of decision-making,establishing a gender equality culture system environment,improving the level of maternal and child health care services,improving the child care service system,clearing the maternity insurance in government responsibility and male responsibility and increasing protection efforts about the professional women’s rights of three period.The countermeasures and suggestions from the family level are respecting white-collar professional women’s fertility desire for two-child and encouraging their husband’s active participation in the field of family.The countermeasures and suggestions from female individual level are enhancing white-collar professional women’s health care consciousness and improving white-collar professional women’s career planning consciousness and ability.The fifth part is the conclusion of the article.This part mainly expounds the conclusion,innovation and shortcomings of the article,and points out the direction for future research.