Diagnosis And Treatment Of Canine Anemia And Diseases Of Acute Renal Failure

With the improvement of people's living standards, dogs, as companion animals, are attracting more and more attention to their health. Dogs are carnivores, although small parts of grains and vegetables are also edible to them due to human domestication. All sorts of problems caused by various reasons may appear throughout the life cycle of dogs, as their eating habits are changed during their collective life with humans. The author, based on his rich experience in pet clinics, will give some discussion on certain common cases in this paper.Anemia is not a specific disease, but a pathological condition caused by many reasons. The type of anemia can generally be divided into regenerative and non-regenerative anemia according to the bone marrow response of dogs. According to its causes, regenerative anemia can be divided into hemorrhagic anemia (such as blood loss caused by trauma, chronic bleeding, organ inflammatory bleeding, etc.) and hemolytic anemia (viral, bacterial infections, abnormal blood transfusion, pyruvate kinase deficiency, etc.) non-regenerative anemia can be divided into poor nutritional deficiency anemia (a lack of folic acid, etc.), iron deficiency anemia (iron malabsorption or losing too much), anemia of chronic disease (chronic inflammation), renal anemia (renal failure), hypoplastic anemia (bone marrow necrosis, bone marrow fibrosis), aplastic anemia (chemical or biological factors, etc.). The author will give an introduction to the identification and treatment of various types of anemia, based on clinical cases. In Tianhong Pet Hospital, the author diagnosed and treated more than 40 cases of anemia, and took 3 typical cases for example to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of anemia. The diagnosis of the types of anemia was confirmed by medical history, clinical symptoms, complete blood count, blood smear and blood biochemistry so on. Case 1 who was suffering from hypothermia, low blood oxygen saturation and red blood cell pressure caused by traumatic hemorrhage needed heat preservation, oxygen inhalation, blood transfusion, blood-supplementing and anti-inflammatory. Case 2 who was suffering from regenerative anemia because of onion poisoning needed antioxidant therapy. Case 3 was infected with Babesiosis which was spread by ticks and needed disinsectization therapy and blood supplement. The cases of anemia were treated with etiological therapy in addition to symptomatic therapy such as blood transfusion and blood supplement.The kidney is a parenchymatous organ for urine formation, toxin eduction, and the regulation of water and salt metabolism. The pancreas is an organ producing digestive enzymes to help digestion. When kidney function failure occurs, the dog will be suffering emesis, diarrhea, bloody diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, dehydration, depression, oral ulcers, urinary tract infections, metabolic disorders may also occur. Inflammation of the pancreas may manifest as front abdominal pain, vomiting, peritonitis, and even shock. In the case of kidney diseases, there will be severe vomiting, the duodenal venous pressure increases, blocked discharge of the digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas leads to the self-digestion of pancreas, the role of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption effects decrease, and pancreatitis may be stimulated. When suffering pancreatitis, the body will be dehydrated from vomiting, leading to kidney function problems due to partial dehydration. These two organs (kidney and pancreas) are interdependent. Such cases are common in clinical practice, of which a specific one will be discussed in this paper. In Tianhong Pet Hospital, the author received many similar cases and took one typical case for example to discuss. Case 4 was diagnosed with kidney function failure and pancreatitis, and treated with intravenous infusion, arrest vomiting, anti-inflammatory, tonifying kidney, inhibition of pancreatic secretion and regulation of acid-base and electrolyte imbalance. The dog recovered in the end. The treatment of kidney function failure and pancreatitis must rely on blood gas analysis and intravenous infusion.