| Bird-strike is shortened from the collision between birds and aircraft in the air.In the long time,the harm of bird-strike has been a persistent problem of aviation safety in the world.Survey on bird situation is the premise of scientific bird-strike prevention work at airport,and the species diversity of avian community is an important content of comprehensively mastering airport bird situation.In order to understanding avian species diversity,a field bird survey was executed by line transect method combined collecting records of bird-strike working from workers at Huaihua Zhijiang Airport of Hunan Province from February 2021 to January 2022.The main research results as follows:1.A total of 113 species of birds in 84 genera of 15 orders and 43 families including 56 species of resident birds,28 species of winter migratory birds,20 species of summer migratory birds and 9 species of traveling birds were recorded during this survey at Huaihua Zhijiang Airport.In terms of fauna composition,there were 53 species in the Eastern Oceanic Region,48 species in the Palearctic Region,and 12 species in the Widespread Region.According to the ecological groups of birds,there were 22 species of wading birds,2 species of swimming birds,5 species of terrestrial birds,14 species of raptors,10 species of scansores,60 species of songbirds,and the ratio of water birds to forest birds was about 1:3.35.According to avian encounter rate index,there were 22 dominant species,35 common species,and 56 rare species.As avian distribution characteristics,there were 58 species of narrowly distributed birds,29 species of neutral distribution,and 26 species of wide distribution.In addition,15 species belonging to the national secondary key protected wildlife were recorded this time.2.The results of species diversity index measurement showed that Shannon-Weiner diversity index in spring was the highest with 3.271 and the lowest in autumn with 3.011 at Huaihua Zhijiang Airport;Pielou evenness index in spring was the highest with 0.845 and the lowest in winter with 0.736;Dominance index of bird community in autumn was the highest with 0.088 and the lowest in spring with 0.057;the maximum density of birds in winter was 5.464 birds per hm2 and the minimum density in spring was 2.031 birds per hm2.Between habitats,the highest Shannon-Weiner diversity index for birds was 3.300 in scrub and the lowest in residential areas with 2.103;the highest Pielou evenness index was 0.845 in scrub and the lowest in woods with 0.683;and the highest dominance index for birds in residential areas was 0.845 and the lowest in scrub with 0.683;The highest bird community dominance was 0.185 in residential area and the lowest was 0.064 in the grassland;while the highest bird density was 5.295 birds per hm2 in the grassland and the lowest was 1.246 birds per hm2 in residential area.3.Among five types of habitats at Huaihua Zhijiang Airport,the similarity of avian communities between woods and scrub was the highest,with a similarity index of 0.595;the similarity between farmland and residential areas was the second highest,with a similarity index of 0.549;the similarity of bird communities between water and woods was the lowest with a similarity index of 0.233.During seasons,the highest similarity of bird communities was found in spring and summer with a value of 0.731;respectively,in winter owned the same and the lowest similarity with spring and summer with a similarity index of 0.496.4.Combining the annual and historical bird survey results,the statistics showed that 160 species of birds in 16 orders and 52 families were recorded at Huaihua Zhijiang airport for nearly 11 years.Based on the results of G-F index measurement,the G-F index of avian community was 0.824,G-index was 4.620,and F-index was 26.244.the highest G-F index of avian community in 2021 was 0.783,the second highest was 0.782 in 2018,and the lowest was 0.648 in 2014.According to the one-way ANOVA analysis on G-F index,G-index,and F-index of avian community in each year,suggested that no significant differences among years(F=0.059,F<F0.05(2,10)=4.10,P>0.05).5.By the analysis of bird-strike risk assessment model,there were 24 species with high risk rating,20 species with medium risk rating,and 17 species with low risk rating at Huaihua Zhijiang Airport.Twenty-four birds with high risk levels were identified as the key targets for bird-strike prevention throughout the year,and were divided into six prevention groups based on the analysis of avian habits and activity patterns at this airport.Finally,comprehensive recommendations were proposed for bird-strike prevention working from three aspects,including equipment and facilities utilization,management of ecological environment and improvement of bird situation information collection,which were based on analysis and investigation of avian species diversity and variation pattern of bird situation at Huaihua Zhijiang Airport of Hunan Province. |
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