Research On Temporal-spatial Pattern Of Accessibility And Its Effect On Economic Development Of The Northwest

With the rapid advance of economic globalization and regional economic integration, regional economic ties have become increasingly close. As the bridge of regional economic ties, accessibility, whose role has highlighted increasingly. At the same time, accessibility also promotes optimization of the regional spatial organization and rapid development of regional economy. Therefore, accessibility has always been a hot research for scholars at home and abroad. At present, most of the domestic scholar’s research focuses on the more developed east, few of them research west; on the research content, most of research pays attention on temporal-spatial pattern of regional accessibility, but few of them research the effect of accessibility on regional economy. As an importance part of the western region, the northwest region, has ushered great development opportunity since the Western Development, economy and transportation have developed very fast. “One Belt and One Road” of national policy is put forward, which injects great vitality to the development of the northwest. So, researching temporal-spatial pattern of accessibility and its effect on regional economy of the northwest is dangerous to rationally layout the railway and highway network, etc, which can improve accessibility and promote the healthy and rapid development of economy of the northwest.Using traffic network and social economic data of 51 cities in the northwest, and applying mathematical statistics methods and GIS’spatial analysis methods, at first, the paper analyses temporal-spatial pattern of accessibility and dynamic changes of the northwest, in addition, it analyses temporal-spatial pattern of level of economic development of the northwest, at last, using spatial econometric model, the paper discusses the effect of on regional economy and its spatial pattern.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) From the spatial distribution of accessibility, accessibility generally presents distribution pattern of “core-periphery”. It also presents obvious traffic direction, which means that each time envelops always protrude toward traffic trunk direction.(2) From absolute dynamic change of accessibility, the level of accessibility of the northwest has improved on the whole from 2001 to 2012. Inside, the core’s accessibility is less than periphery’s accessibility on improved level; From relative dynamic change of accessibility, cities, whose accessibility coefficients are less than 1, are all 34 both 2001 and 2012, accounting for percentage of 67% in study areas.(3) From temporal change of level of economic development, the absolute difference of level of economic development of the northwest presents a trend of increasing year by year, relative difference of level of economic development of the northwest presents a trend of decreasing year by year.(4) From spatial change of level of economic development, urban economic structure of the northwest presents development pattern of “three cores”. As the core cities, Xi’an、 Lan zhou、 Urumqi undertake different functions in each regions, Xi’an and Urumqi have a more positive radiation effects, which form more closely related Guanzhong urban agglomeration and Tianshan Slope urban agglomeration, but Lan zhou have a obvious “polarization effect” on the surrounding urban development, so the marginal cities don’t develop quickly.(5) From the evolution of spatial pattern of level of economic development, based on “spatial close” weight, the values of Moran’s I of 2001 and 2012 are 0.024 and 0.095 respectively, which shows that level of urban economic development of the northwest presents a certain positive correlation on the space. However, based on “temporal close” weight, with the increase of time distance, the global spatial correlation fluctuates significantly; From changes of cold-hot spots, changes have taken place obviously, hot spots and cold spots shrink and expand, respectively.(6) From the effect of accessibility on economic development, the correlation coefficients of 2001 and 2012 are 0.6045 and 1.0901, it means that the improvement of accessibility has played a positive correlation to economic development of the northwest; Through using standardized model(OLS)、spatial econometric model(SEM and SLM), the paper analyses the effects of accessibility on the individual elements of economy, including investment、consumption、industrious structure and residents income level. Finally, using GWR model analyses the spatial pattern effect of accessibility on the level of investment、consumption、industrious structure and residents income.