| Tourism industry as the important part of the services,to a great extent promotes the development of social economy.There are many factors of complexity in effecting Spatial patterns of tourism evolution,and traffic is the more important factor.Changes of traffic play a decisive role on evolution of regional Spatial patterns of tourism,while brings major far-reaching of effects on the development of tourism economy.Especially,with the high-speed rail era coming,which greatly shorten spatial-temporal distance,makes visitors' sense of unreachable spatial-temporal distance on destinations greatly reduced,weakening impact of geographic space distance on the tourism destinations.So to a certain extent,modern transportation is changing the spatial patterns of tourism.In this paper,taking the 25 cities of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province and Shanghai City in the Yangtze River Delta for the region of study,the author uses related theory and research methods of related disciplines,such as regional economics,economic geography,tourism geography,urban geography,traffic geography to study the evolution of spatial pattern of tourism.First the author analyses general development of tourism economic,using tourism economic data of 2000-2012 year,and analyses tourism economic development spatial-temporal differences in urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River Delta,through mathematical statistics and spatial statistics methods including standard deviation,variation coefficient,Theil coefficient and geographic concentrated index.Then the author analyses the migration direction of the tourism economic gravity and changes of scale grade differences of city tourism,respectively by using gravity formula,law of the Primate City and law of order-scale distribution.Second,the author illustrates spatial evolution of the tourism land transportation by referring the map of transportation in the Yangtze River Delta of the year for 2000,2005 and 2012,respectively vectored the three-year map of transportation of the Yangtze River Delta,including road(Highway and state road),railway(common railway,rail motor car and high-speed railway),by using O-D time cost matrix function of Arcgis10.0 network analysis,then obtains three years of the shortest travel time between cities.What is next going to do is that calculate the accessibility coefficient by using the formulation of weighted average time whose weight is the overall tourism revenue,then analyze the evolution characteristics and factors of tourism spatial pattern based traffic accessibility and the meaning for the tourism economy and regional economy.Last,the author adapts the Amended gravitational model to measure the tourism economic relation intensity and tourism economic membership through software of MATLAB program,thus analyses features of radiant circle structure of tourism economy based the transportation accessibility coefficient.Through a series of researches and analysis,we have reached the following conclusions:(1)The absolute difference of tourism economy in the Yangtze River Delta is expanding,and the relative difference is decreasing.It occurs the differentiation between the tourism economic development and the tourism industrial status,which is that tourism industrial status and tourism economic development do not match from each other,appearing misplaced.2000-2012,gravity of tourism exchange income has been emerging the move rules of direction in “Northwest to Southeast”,and gravity of domestic tourism income moves to west direction.Both inbound and domestic tourists' quantities are constantly increasing,but their geographic concentrated index is decreasing,thus tourists have the trend of dispersed distribution.Additionally,from the perspective of the law of the Primate City and law of order-scale distribution,every city index is constantly decreasing,but two city index is always greater than two,which implies that it is obvious that Shanghai plays a driving role in polarization and radiation for tourism in the Yangtze River Delta.At the same time,tourism are in accordance with law of order-scale distribution,the center place of Shanghai is weakening,while other secondary centers are gradually developing.(2)With the improvement of the regional transportation,the shortest travel time between the cities becomes decreasing,and the tourism traffic accessibility in Yangtze River Delta has been significantly increased.There is differentiation phenomenon of the traffic accessibility because of the difference of traffic location advantages,geographic location and different levels of tourism economic development,but the level of accessibility has become gradually balanced.There is a large change in the evolution of accessibility spatial pattern.Where is the best accessible area are that the strip of “pole-axis” in Suzhou,jinxing,Wuxi,and becomes poor accessibility in the irregular form of outward.With the development of transportation and tourism economy,the accessibility spatial pattern of the “pole-axis” strip gradually expands,emerging with regional shapes.Therefore,the author defines it as the golden triangle centre of “Shanghai-HangzhouNanjing”,whose accessibility is the best and outward gradually decreases.Cities' along the highspeed railway accessibility is better compared to other cities,and there have been “two auxiliary axes”-hang-Yong-Zhou and the line of Nanjing,Zhenjiang,and Yangzhou.Although both the north of Jiangsu Province and the southwest of Zhejiang Province connected by high-speed railway,they are far away from the central area,in marginal area,and can't embody their accessibility advantage,in the entire Yangtze River Delta.Thus the accessibility of the north of Jiangsu Province and the southwest of Zhejiang Province has developed two peripheral areas whose centers are Xuzhou and Wenzhou.So it can be generalized as “a triangle,two auxiliary axes,and two areas”.And there are many factors,such as tourism resource,levels of socio-economic development,geographical condition and location,social infrastructure,regional division of labor and the adjustment of industrial structure and the regional transportation plan and other aspects,that affect the evolution of the spatial pattern of accessibility.(3)There are connection to some extent between tourism economic radiation intensity,radiation circle and traffic tourism accessibility spatial pattern.Shanghai as the center of tourism city in the Yangtze River Delta,its tourism economic radiation almost covers the whole area,and has formed Shanghai tourism economic radiation circle.But due to differences of traffic location,distance and the terrain landforms,additionally with tourism development of Nanjing and Hangzhou,the regional tourism spatial pattern exists secondary tourism center cities.Thus they has formed the shaft-driven tourism economic radiant circle respectively of Nanjing,Zhenjiang,Yangzhou etc.and of Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo etc.Geographic position of Suzhou,Wuxi,and Changzhou are very close,and the three cities' are closely related,forming a small circle of radiation.Edge area are affected little by Shanghai and other secondary center cities,so the north of Jiangsu Province has developed the small-scale tourism economy circle which the core city is Xuzhou,and Wenzhou is the core city of the radiation of the Southwest of Zhejiang Province. |
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