The Analysis Of Evolution Of Human Capital Structures And International Competitiveness Of Trade In Services

Statistics from WTO show that the amount of exports in service trade all over the globe in 2013 reached 4.720180 trillion dollars, with a mean annual growth rate of 8.04% from 1980-2013. Despite the fact that service trade started up quite late in our country, the export scale saw a rapid increase. The amount of exports in 2013 added up to 205.92 billion dollars, accounting for 4.36% of the total of the world. The average growth rate of amount of exports in service trade in our country during the past 31 years is surprisingly 15.95%, about two times of the global average.This article introduces the evolution of the structure of human capital into the discussion about service trade and human capital, revealing the basic relationship between human capital and service trade through the MRW model and Diamond model, thus analyzes the working mechanism by which human capital structures influence the international competitiveness of service trade from a theoretical perspective. This article, in a general sense, empirically analyzes the influences of the evolution of the human capital structures on the international competitiveness of a country’s service trade, employing the panel data from 132 major service trade countries between 1980-2012, improving over the inadequacies that previous studies are overly theoretical or empirical studies focus too much on certain individual countries. An apparent positive correlation can be observed between the human capital structures and the international competitiveness of a country’s service trade. Firstly, human capital, as a production factor, has a manifestive promoting effect on service trade; secondly, through interactions with goods trade exports and foreign direct investment, human capital further promotes the competitiveness of a country’s service trade; and for backward developing countries, the importance of improvement of the human capital structures for the competitiveness of its service trade is truism. Subsequently, this article empirically analyzes the relationship between the evolution of the human capital structures on the international competitiveness of our country’s service trade using the service trade data between 1985-2013 of China, and the study results show that a long-term equilibrium relationship exists between the evolution of the human capital structures and the international competitiveness of a country’s service trade, but the upgrading of our country’s international competitiveness in service trade is pestered by hysteresis.The policy is very obvious, to truly improve the international competitiveness of trade in services,one country should enhance the level of a country’s development level of service industry, expanding the opening degree of trade, also should put emphasis on the accumulation of human capital, including mainly two aspects:first, enhance a country’s higher school rate, pay attention to the skills training; second, when a country in attracting foreign investment, it should pay attention to the input human capital intensive industries. In order to enhance the competitiveness of China’s service trade, in addition to focus on the cultivation of human capital, China should pay more attention to strengthen the foreign direct investment of domestic enterprises ability to digest and absorb foreign direct investment into practical productive forces; vigorously develop the domestic service industry, and provide the real industry support for the export of service trade.