A Research On Current Problems And Countermeasures In Transferring The Agricultural Land Use Rights In China

Land issue is the core of the Chinese farmers’ problems. The change and innovation ofland system is the ultimate cause of improving social progress and agricultural productivity.The discussion of the circulation of agricultural use rights is not only related to the directionof China’s farmland institution, but also related to the success or failure of socialist reform.After the Third Plenary Session, we had established the household contract responsibilitysystem, which was an innovation to the traditional agricultural systems. Family productionunits effectively stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers’ labor, and lowered the laborsupervision costs to zero.The establishment of the household contract responsibility system has greatlypromoted the development of agricultural production, and improved the farmers’ spendingpower and standard of living. However, the decentralized operation in family unit is notconducive to new large-scale application of agricultural production technologies. And it willnot be able to form scale benefit. Therefore, our country proposed to allow a limited transferof rural land in No.1Central Document in1984. It was proposed in the Third PlenarySession of the Party that allowing farmers in the form of subcontract, lease, exchange,transfer, share cooperation to transfer the land contract management rights. Furthermore, itwas proposed in the Third Plenary Session of the Party’s eighteen that encourage thecontract and management rights transfer to the professional large, family farms, farmers’cooperatives, agribusiness circulation on the open market, and develop Various forms ofscale operation. Agricultural land use rights transfer achieved the optimal allocation ofagricultural land resources. On the one hand, it relieved the migrant farmers’ worries,making them to obtain wages while getting benefits by transferring and leasing thecontracted land in reasonable way. On the other hand, to guide the land transfer into scalewill lay the foundation for managing in a moderate scale.Agricultural land use rights transfer made our agriculture to realize the leaping development, but it also came out a range of issues, which contains the main body’sbehavior in the process of agriculture land use rights transfer is not standard; The dominantposition of farmers was difficult to protect when transferring; Farmers are too dependent onthe land; The distribution of benefits was unreasonable between the government, collectiveand farmers; The intermediary organizations of farmland transfer was lack; Agriculture landtransfer forms were too scattered; The incline of "non-food" and "non-agricultural" beingobvious, and so on.Problems in the process of agricultural land use rights transfer not only matter to thehealthy development of China’s agriculture, but also impact the process of socialistmodernization. Research on the agricultural land transfer issue is also the title of Marxismin China to explore the proper meaning. To solve these problems of farmland transfer, firstof all, we should start by improving the system construction of the agricultural land, andtransform the government functions to create a favorable policy environment for the transferof agricultural land. The government should to provide funds, technical support andconsulting services for the farmers, too. Secondly, we should protect the farmers’ dominantposition in farmland transfer, giving farmers more property rights. Thirdly, we shouldreduce the farmers’ dependence on the farmland, and improve the vitality of agriculturalland use right transfer market. Fourthly, we should establish a rational income distributionsystem to avoid dispute of farmland transfer. Fifth, establishing and perfectingthe market of farmland transfer for the rights to strengthen the intermediary organization offarmland transfer. Sixth, we should guide he land transfer into scale and foster scalebusiness entities. Seventh, we should strengthen the supervision of the use of agriculturalland, and take strict measures to restrict the behavior of agricultural land intonon-agricultural land.