Research On Energy Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network(WSN) is a self-organizing network that consists of a large number of tiny sensor nodes, which can perceive, collect the information of objects in a monitored area. The information is transmitted to the terminal using multi-hop and self-organizing network. Due to the small size of the nodes, the power of battery is limited, so we have to take an effective method to reduce energy consumption of nodes and prolong the network lifetime. As one of the key energy-saving technologies in wireless sensor network, routing protocol has received much attention.Clustering routing protocols have good scalability and easy node management, which are suitable for large-scale networks and of great research significance. In this paper, we study the clustering routing protocols and propose three clustering routing algorithms with the target of energy efficiency and energy balance. We have theoretical analysis and simulations in this paper. The main contents are as follows:(1)This paper proposes a cluster head uniformly distributed routing algorithm based on fuzzy logic for energy homogeneous wireless sensor network. At first, we make cluster head election using fuzzy logic, which includes two fuzzy descriptors: the proximity distance and the residual energy. The elected cluster heads may be too close with each other. For this case, we propose the second round of election of cluster head. For the clusters with the distance between the cluster heads less than the optimal cluster radius, we calculate the link cost of the nodes in the cluster. The node with the minimum link cost becomes the new cluster head, which makes the cluster heads evenly distributed in the network. The energy of the nodes in the networks is balanced, which prolongs the network lifetime.(2)This paper proposes a multi-hop clustering routing algorithm based on adaptive evolutionary algorithm for two-level energy heterogeneous wireless sensor network, which combines single-hop within cluster and multi-hop between the clusters. For the election of cluster heads, we elect cluster head using adaptive evolutionary algorithm. A new fitness function is proposed, which takes the communication cost in the cluster and the distance between cluster head nodes into account. This function makes the total communication cost of cluster head nodes and the cluster member nodes minimum. The cluster heads are evenly distributed in the network. For multi-hop communication between clusters, we propose a new cost function. The node with the minimum cost is elected as relay node. We adopt the multi-hop transmission between the clusters, which reduces the energy consumption of communication between cluster heads and the base station.(3)This paper proposes a clustering routing algorithm based on FCM for multi-level energy heterogeneous wireless sensor network. The algorithm is different from the traditional clustering algorithms, which build clusters after cluster head election. We find the optimal number of cluster heads of the network and build clusters for the nodes in the network using FCM algorithm. Then it no longer performs clustering operation and only performs cluster head election in clusters, which avoids the energy consumption that clustering operation brings. Then we propose a new mathematical model of cluster head election within the cluster, which considers three aspects including the residual energy of the nodes, the distance between the nodes in the clusters and the distance between the nodes and the base station. By using the mathematical model, we elect the optimal cluster head. The energy of nodes in the network is balanced.