Research On Energy-saving Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are widely used in various industries to complete the task of monitoring and tracking.To improve poor scalability of flatarchitecture routing protocols,the clustering routing protocol with higher scalability for large-scale network is proposed.In the clustering routing protocols,the nodes are managed hierarchically which adjacent to each other are organized into clusters by selforganization.In the cluster,cluster members(CMs)can only communicate directly with cluster heads(CHs),which collect the data of CMs and then forward it to sink.In general,clustering routing protocols are energy efficient and scalable.Most of the traditional cluster routing protocols are designed to save energy,but ignore the throughput,the average unit energy consumption of data transmission and so on.In this paper,four clustering routing protocols with better comprehensive performance are proposed.The main work and contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)The disadvantages of clustering routing protocol are analyzed and Hybrid Clustering-based Energy-Efficient Routing(HCEER)protocol is presented.To reduce the energy consumption of clustering,HCEER adopts hybrid clustering strategy which alternate two clustering algorithms in different rounds.The first algorithm uses threshold based distributed random election technology to select CH and form cluster.The CH selects the CM with the lowest average distance to other nodes in the cluster as the new CH in the next round.In the next round,the second algorithm uses the new CH selected by the first algorithm to form clusters.The CH closest to sink is selected as the secondary CH and is responsible for the data transmission between clusters.Simulation results show that HCEER can prolong network lifetime.Besides,HCEER improves sink throughput and reduces the average unit energy consumption of the transmission data.(2)To eliminate long chain and optimize leader election in the protocol based on chain structure,this paper presents PEGA-MC(PEGASIS with Multi Chain)protocol.PEGA-MC divides the monitoring area into several sub areas.The nodes in each sub region form an independent short chain and the leader is elected to be responsible for the intra chain communication.The leader election adopts the alternation mechanism,one is to rotate according to the address of the node,the other is to select the node with the largest ratio of the remaining energy and its distance to sink.The greedy algorithm is used to build a chain for each leader node to manage the communication between the short chains.Simulation results show that PEGA-MC can prolong network lifetime and has higher sink throughput.(3)This paper analyzes the disadvantages of reactive clustering routing protocol and its data transmission threshold setting,and proposes a Hybrid Clustering-based Threshold-Sensitive Energy-Efficient Routing(HCTSEER)protocol.HCTSEER uses threshold based distributed random method to select CH of current round.Then,the CM with the smallest Euclidean distance from the CH is selected as the new CH in the next round.In the range of sensing radius,nodes sense the data generated from the environment data model,and use hard threshold and soft threshold to control the transmission of redundant data.The probability expressions of hard threshold and soft threshold are derived,and the probability of the latter is lower.Simulation results show that HCTSEER can prolong network lifetime.Besides,HCTSEER improves sink's maximum throughput and reduces the average unit energy consumption of transmission data.(4)To reduce the energy consumption of multiple broadcasts generated by iterative algorithm in the routing protocol which minimizes the communication energy consumption in the cluster,Hybrid-Clustering,Multi-Hop,Low-Energy Routing protocol(HCMHLER)is proposed.The node uses the average minimum reachable power(AMRP)as the communication cost function of the iterative algorithm to optimize the CH selection.Then,the CH selects the node with the smallest AMRP as the new CH to be responsible for the next round of intra cluster communication.According to the distance threshold,CMs choose one hop or two hop communication mode to transmit data in the cluster.Each CH completes the data transmission between clusters according to the optimal path calculated by simulated annealing algorithm.Simulation results show that HCMHLER can prolong network lifetime Besides,HCMHLER improves sink's maximum throughput and reduces the average unit energy consumption of data transmission.