Research On Clustering Routing Algorithms Of Wireless Sensor Networks With The Energy Efficiency Method

As anew technology of the data collection and processing in the 21st century, Wireless Sensor Network(WSN), taking into account the advantages of the low cost, the low power consumption and picking up information with self-organization, has been widely used in industrial, military, medical, and other fields. However, Compared with the traditional networks, WSN has been limited in the field environments when lack of stable energy supply. Therefore, it is very important to design a transmission routing protocol with energy saving as a primary consideration.The routing protocol of a clustering structure, which has better characteristics of the energy saving and the scalability than that of the flat routing protocol, has caused a wide attention from many domestic and foreign scholars, and has been becoming an important research topic in the current academic field. This paper will focus on research on the WSN routing algorithms with the high efficiency and energy saving. The main research and innovation are as follows:1. Because there is an unreasonable selection of cluster heads with Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH), an improved LEACH algorithm based on an optimal selection of cluster heads was proposed in this paper. First, candidate cluster heads were selected by considering the residual energy of nodes in LEACH. Second, the candidate cluster heads broadcasting clustering news, and formatting all clusters by a method of the shortest distance, through the calculation and analysis, a node that could save and balance the energy consumption of network nodes was obtained as the final cluster head. Finally, the simulation results showed that the proposed protocol had better network lifetime than the traditional LEACH protocol.2. The number and the structure of clusters may vary greatly in the routing protocol of dynamic random clustering, which will lead to the unbalanced energy consumption of nodes. In this paper, a clustering routing protocol with Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) was proposed. In the first round of the network, a Fuzzy C-Means with node density as the initial center was adopted to allocate all sensor nodes into their most appropriate clusters, which remained unchanged throughout the network’s lifetime. In the new round, the cluster heads were dynamically selected according to the node’s residual energy, the consumed energy and the distance apart from the base station. According to the different network scale, the data transmission mode of single hop and mixing hop was designed in the inter-cluster data transmission stage. To be compared with traditional clustering routing protocol, simulation analysis showed that the proposed protocol has some advantages in terms of the overall energy consumption, the node death time and the energy balance consumption in the node.3. A ring structure of clustering routing protocol can be used in a large-scale WSN network. This paper proposed a sub-ring routing protocol based on the ring spacing. First, the whole network was divided into many concentric circles by base station that the size of ring spacing can be adjusted. Second, the optimal number of cluster head in each ring was calculated, which was an expression with adjusting parameter. In the clustering phase, the FCM clustering principle would be used again. In the selection of cluster heads, a scheme was included with the node’s residual energy, the sum of distance by other total alive nodes to the node in each cluster. Finally, during the data transmission phase, a single hop transmission was used in the cluster. Simulation results show that this new clustering routing protocol is more suitable for the large-scale networks.