The Research Of Emergency Environmental Incidents Report From The Perspective Of Social Governance

"A good ecological environment is the most equitable public goods for people’s livelihood and well-being." put forward by chairman Xi when he was in his Hainan study. Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Deepening Reform of the Overall Number of Major Issues passed by Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee emphasizes that the construction of ecological civilization is a salient part of national governance system.However, a series of emergency environmental incidents pose challenges to the ecological civilization construction, and becomes a problem that needs to be put intensive efforts to solve. As a major strategy of deepening reform, the innovation of social management system is an important aspect of national governance. Therefore, promoting the construction of ecological civilization is the core in the concept of social governance.Emergency environmental pollution incidents affects the interests of all parties. Although it is government’s responsibility to solve it other society bodies’ collaborative governance is also indispensable. In the context of the innovation of social governance system, media has been endowed a new expected role: to participate in social governance, and to speak for the pubic and provide public service. The role that media played in the emergency environmental pollution incidents pushes forward pluralistic bodies to participate in the social governance and express their demands and negotiate interest in the platform the media built. Therefore, media is a significant part in the social environment governance.This paper investigates reports on emergency environmental incidents in People s Daily, China Environment News and Southern Metropolis Daily from 2005 to 2014 to delineate the presentation of environmental social governance elements in media coverage and the performance of media as a social governance subject in the emergency environmental incidents report.Firstly, this paper maps out the general characteristics of breaking environmental coverings in the last decade based on quantitative analysis. Following aspects are examined:the number of report, forms of report, the layout of the report, news source, information source and the reporting framework. Such general examination lays a solid foundation for the following analyses. Secondly, this paper analyzes the images of three subjects government, enterprise and public in the breaking environmental coverings.In the third part, this paper explores the presentation of the environmental governance dilemma and social governance elements in the breaking environmental coverings. The analysis shows that the presentation of the environmental governance dilemma in these three types of newspapers can be generalized in two aspects:the limited openness of the power system and the capital expansionary of the market-oriented economy. In this regard, People’s Daily paid more attach to the government management, while less to expression rights of the civics and citizen groups. Moreover, its presentation about pluralistic society subject action wasn’t "action" but "appeal". The other two gave the civics and citizen groups more rights to speak:China Environment News presented more "action reports" than "appeal report"; and Southern Metropolis Daily was dominated by the "action reports" and had more pluralistic topics in the presentation of the social governance rule of law concept. In a word, People’s Daily had a characteristic of "government management", China Environment News paid more attention to the "experts governance", and Southern Metropolis Daily was inclined to the "pluralistic society subject collaborative governance".In the forth part, this paper traces out the changes of the emergency environmental accident report during the last decade. It can be detected that the emergency environmental incidents report has changed with the enhancement of the operational capacity of the non-governmental environmental organizations, the awakening of civil rights awareness, policies, laws, social and media environment changes. The report of the last decade can be categorizes into two groups. The first group of reports during the period of 2005-2008 features as the emphasis on the concept of "governance". The second during the period of 2009-2014 characterizes the emergence of "social governance". There are three changes of emergency environmental incidents report:1), the report subject changes from the "centre-periphery" structure to "the other"; 2), government governance changes from "self-praise monologue" to "freedom pluralistic criticism"; 3), the theme of the rule of law changes from the "scarcity" to "abundance".The last chapter analyzes the media’s role as social governance subject from two perspectives:the presentation of the facts and public opinion of the relevant responsibility.Then I provide four suggestions to improve the emergency environmental incidents report:diversify sources, communicate different discourse; report citizen action, build civil society images; strengthen environmental impact reports; richen legal topic reports.