Design Of Digital Baseband For RFID Active Tag Based On ISO/IEC18000-4Protocol

RFID technology is a kind of typical contactless sensing technology whichcarries out contactless communication with wireless radio frequency signals forcompleting the data transmission and target recognition. RFID technology, whichpossesses the advantages of distant reading and writing, fast identification and so on,as one of the most influential technology in the21stcentury, is widely used in manyfields, such as scientific research, military service, medical care, even the emergencyrescue and so on. Due to domestic market demand so far, research and developmentof the RFID system is still in a boom.This paper presents a kind of digital baseband of2.45GHz RFID active tag basedon ISO/IEC18000-4protocol. The digital baseband can not only realize the basicfunction in the protocol, but also be increased the function of detection and receivingand sending RSSI signals. The purpose of increased function is to realize the RSSIbidirectional localization, that is to locate between the reader and tags for increasingpositioning anti-interference ability. Although the tag has batteries, in line with savingenergy and keeping the system stable, reducing power consumption is still animportant task of IC chips. The paper firstly introduces RFID technology and itsworking principle as a whole, and also describes the protocol in the detail, thenoverall introduces the digital low-power technology of different design levels, andanalyzes the low-power methods involved in the design,such as the gated clock, stateencoding with gray code, pipeline structure, the operand isolation, gate-level poweroptimization, etc. Combined low power technology, the realized design is includedthe process of architecture research, RTL coding, FPGA verification, logic synthesis,power optimization, place and route, static timing analysis, the analysis of powerconsumption and so on.The total area of digital layout is1030×1031um2. The design is taped out withUMC0.18um CMOS process. The test results show that receiving and sending RSSIsignals and basic function in the protocol can be well realized.