| Objective: The thesis aims to understand living habits and learning life status of preschool children in urban and rural, awareness common disease rate and its influence factors, providing a basis for developing into good habits and strengthen disease prevention and control work, promoting the healthy growth of preschool children.Methods: Using the method of cluster sampling, randomly selected from 4 kindergartens in Qingdao and 11 township kindergartens in Jilin province through questionnaires and physical examination, the contents of questionnaire were children’s family in general, learning life, eye health, oral hygiene, living habits, eating habits and behavior habits. All questions were completed truthfully by children’s parents according to the recent situation with kindergarten coordination, health care doctor and teacher cooperation guidance, then uniform recovery after completion. Physical examination and measurement evaluation by professionals, evaluation indicators including height, weight, vision, teeth. 1080 effective and complete recovery from Qingdao(male 537, female 543), and 371 effective and complete recovery from township kindergarten(male 216, female 155). The data was inputted twice into the database by Epi Data(version 3.1) for checking. SPSS(version 17.0) was used for analysis.Results: In study life, there are 64.2% of the children to participate in one or more extra-curricular interest classes. The proportion in urban and rural areas was 67.2% and 55.3% respectively. In these interest classes, the girls who choose dancing is the most(48%), drawing is second(36%). the boys who choose drawing is the most(25%), English is second(16.5%). In the study of knowledge, 69.1% of urban children learning through life, 74.1% of township children learning from kindergarten. Living habits: eye health, the children who watching TV less than 2m in urban and rural accounted for 5.1% and 19.1%, physical activity time for more than two hours every day accounted for 35.5% and 52.3%, often do eye exercises accounted for 10.9% and 6.7%. Oral health, urban and rural children who brush teeth in morning and evening accounted for 70.4% and 40.2%, and who gargling after meals or regular oral inspection accounted for 59.3% and 33.2%. Brush teeth at least once a day accounted for 91.4% and 73.9%. Regular oral examination were 51% and 19.4%. Parents pay attention to children’s oral health accounted for 94.4% and 87.3%. In eating habits, children in urban and rural partial eclipse accounted 43.3% and 59% respectively. The proportion of children prefer meat was 43.3% and 59%. Eating duration less than 20 minutes wes11.9% and 43.7%. Living in urban and rural areas, the childrenwash hands before meals was 95.9% and 85.2%. Bath time and nail trimming was 98.2% and 89.2%. The proportion of adults to do simple housework was 57.4% and 80.8%. Time to sleep and get up the proportion was 81.2% and 88.2%. Behavior habits, the proportion of children in urban and rural areas of hyperactivity and mental concentration was 31.9% and 18.6%. The proportion of young children, often withdrawn and timid was 12.3% and 17% respectively.(p<0.05) Preschoolers who were assessed with overweight in urban and rural accounted for 18.8% and 12.9% respectively. The rate of obesity of boys(10.8%) was higher than girls(7.2%), The rate of overweight of boys(19.3%) was higher than girls(15.2%).(p<0.05). The date used Logistic Regression analysis showed that factors affecting overweight/obesity include: parental overweight/obesity, long screen time, preferring meat, fast eating, physical activity time. The detection rates of abnormal visual acuity in urban and rural areas were 17.5% and 6.2%(p<0.05).The detection rates were 9.3%, 11.0%, 15.5% and 19.8% for 3y~, 4y~, 5y~, 6y~ respectively(p<0.05). The result of single factor analysis showed that relevant factors include: education level of parental, the number of extra-curricular interest classes, long screen time, physical activity time, with the correct eye position(p<0.05). The prevalence of dental caries in urban and rural areas was 18.4% and 38.3%(p<0.05). The detection rates were 14.7%, 15.8%, 25.9%, 33.1% for 3y~, 4y~, 5y~, 6y~ respectively(p<0.05). The result of single factor analysis showed that related factors include: education level of parental, family income, daily morning and evening brushing, rinsing mouth after meals, parents pay attention to children’s oral hygiene(p<0.05).Conclusions:The preschool children’s learning and living arrangement is not reasonable, and there are problems in living habits, especially in the rural. The prevalence rate of overweight/obesity was higher, and the rate of abnormal visual acuity and dental caries were at a high level. Preschool children’s common diseases occurrence and living habits are closely related, to strengthen and promote preschool children formed scientific and rational learning arrangements and to develop good habits in early prevention of common diseases of children also plays an important role. We should strengthen the health care education, promote the development of physical and mental health of preschool children. |
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