| Objectives:To understand the positive or negative emotion state of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and explore the relationship among the emotion state, traits of hope, optimism, and resilience. The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for clinical psychological intervention in CHF patients, and to improve the life quality of this population.Methods:162 patients with CHF were selected by convenient sampling to process questionnaires survey. The general information, disease information, positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), adult dispositional hope scale (ADHS), life orientation test-revised scale (LOT-R), and Connor-Davidson resilience scale 10(CD-RISC 10) were used to assess the emotion state, traits of hope, optimism, and resilience of the patients in this study. All data were used SPSS 19.0 software for statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, variance analysis, t-test, variance analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical linear regression analyses, bootstrap and other methods.Results:1. The general information of the CHF patientsThe age of patients was range from 23 to 93, and the average age was 61.87±13.47; 71.6% of the patients were men,58.6% of them reported BMI≥24,50.6% got access to compulsory education,96.9% were married,63.6% reported their income over 4999 RMM per month,56.8% were retiree; 43.2% were in cardiac function for grade Ⅰ.2. The positive and negative mood scores of CHF patients and the statistical differences of mood scores in demographic and disease statusThe positive mood score of the patients was 25.33±8.19, and the negative mood score was 18.02±6.68. Results indicated that there were significant difference of positive mood score in education, marital status, work status, and cardiac functional grading. Additionally, there were significant differences of negative mood score in family income, exercise, smoking history, drinking history, and cardiac functional grading.3. The scores of hope, optimism, and resilience in CHF patients and their statistical differences in demographic and disease statusThe hope trait score was 21.23±3.65, the optimism trait score was 22.02±2.18, and the resilience score was 24.95±6.59. Results showed that there were significant differences of hope trait score in education, marital status, family income, work status, exercise, smoking history, and cardiac functional grading. There were significant differences of optimism trait score in the aspects of sport and Medicare insurance types. And the resilience score different by sex, education, work status, sport, and cardiac functional grading.4. The correlation analysis among emotion state, traits of hope and optimism, and resilience in CHF patientsPearson correlation analysis showed that the emotion state of CHF patients had a significantly positive correlation with hope, optimism, and resilience (r=0.233-0.524, P<0.01), and negative state had significantly negative correlation with them. (r=-0.260～0.311, P<0.01). Resilience was positively correlated with hope and optimism (r=0.685, r=0.405,P<0.01).5. The factors that influence the emotion state of CHF patientsWithout considering the influence of demographic variables and disease status, we analyzed the independent forecasting role of hope, optimism, and resilience on emotion state. Results indicated that hope, optimism, and resilience (β=0.497,R2=0.04; β=0.233, R2=0.242; β=0.524, R2=0.274, all P values <0.001) were positively predict positive emotion. Meanwhile, all of them (hope:β=-0.282,R2=0.079; optimism: β=-0.311, R2=0.096; resilience for β=-0.260,R2=0.068, all P values<0.01)reversely predicted negative emotion. 6. The hierarchical regression analysis of the emotion state in CHF patientsRegarding the positive or negative emotion as dependent variable, we brought parts of the demographic data and disease information which had significant differences in the univariate regression analysis into the first step as control variables, and then included hope and optimism traits into the second step of regression analysis, the results showed that hope trait positively predicted positive emotion (β=0.320, P＜0.001), and accounted for 44.6% variance of positive emotion. Optimism trait reversely predicted negative emotion (β=-0.226, P=0.004), and accounted for 33.5% variance of negative emotion. Finally, we brought resilience into the third step, and the results showed that resilience positively predicted positive emotion (β=0.227, P=0.010), and accounted for 47% variance of positive emotion. The regression coefficients of hope trait on positive emotion dropped from 0.320 to 0.189. We can make the preliminary judgment that resilience mediated the relationship between hope trait and positive emotion. However, resilience had no significant forecasting role on negative emotion (P=0.066).7. The mediation analysis of resilience between hope trait and positive emotion in CHF patientsUsing the bootstrap method to test the effect of mediation, we found that the mediation effect of resilience was 0.149,95% CI (0.0946-0.6381), interval did not include zero, supporting the mediation hypothesis of resilience, which accounted for 43.3% total effect.Conclusion:(1) There are significant differences of positive emotion in education, marital status, work status, and cardiac functional grading. Meanwhile, there are significant differences of negative emotion in family income, sport, smoking history, drinking history, and cardiac functional grading.(2) The hope, optimism, and resilience are positively correlated with positive emotion, and negatively correlated with negative emotion in CHF patients.(3) Hope trait positively predicts positive emotion, and optimism can reversely predict negative emotion.(4) Resilience partially mediates the relationship between hope trait and positive emotion in CHF patients. |
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