| Objective: Following the model of KPA, we investigate the knowledge, Attitude and practice related to hypertension Among residents above 45 years old it Anqing Rural Communities, to analyze their health knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertension in hypertensive, prehypertensive and normotensive groups, and disclose the weaknesses of hypertension health education, then we can provide scientific basis to for Anqing Rural Communities a scientific basis of different health education and health promotion for hypertensive, prehypertensive and normotensive groups in rural area of Anqing.Methods:From June to September in 2013, the rural residents aged over 45 and without mental problems in all administrative villages of each town(respectively 3~4 towns of Wangjiang County and Zongyang County, Anqing. Zongyang County has been incorporated into Tonglin in October 13, 2015) were selected through the method of multi-stage random cluster sampling for the screening of hypertension and prehypertension on a voluntary basis. Then, some villagers who met with the conditions were collected and organized to go to the local towns and townships at random. Next, the qualified investigators after training conducted questionnaire survey and physical examination such as blood pressure measuring on the research objects.The main content of the self-designed hypertension questionnaire includes general situation such as age, history of disease; correlative knowledge, such as diagnostic criteria of hypertension; related attitudes, such as if you would be willing to accept the health education about hypertension; and some practice benefited for blood pressure control. The questionnaire survey was conducted by face-to-face interview, and The blood pressure was measured according to 《 2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension》. At last, conduct a comprehensive analysis on the states of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice related Hypertension and influencing factors among hypertensive, perhypertensive and normotensive in Anqing Rural Communities.Results:(1) The hypertensive rate of the crowds reaches 35.06%, the prehypertensive rate was 32.59%, and the normotensive rate was 32.35%. The average Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) levels were 123.81±18.64 mm Hg and 76.78±9.81 mm Hg. There was on significant difference of average SBP and DBP between male and female. Average blood pressure levels of hypertensive groups who take antihypertensive medicines are significantly lower than the hypertensive groups who prefer not to take antihypertensive medications.(SBP: t = 2.21, P < 0.05; DBP: t = 0.05, P < 0.001). Average SBP levels increased with age, and average DBP levels declined with age among these hypertensive groups.(2) The correlative knowledge about the hypertension: The awareness rate of most basic knowledge about hypertension exceed 50%, but the awareness rate of diagnostic criteria was only 10.35%, the awareness rate of a few basic knowledge was higher in hypertensive groups than perhypertensive groups and normotensive groups; the awareness rates of hypertension’s the risk factors were different, the awareness rate of these risk factors such as family history(28.24%), high-salt diets(58.35%), high-fat diet(60.82%), lack of exercise(45.06%), was higher in hypertensive groups than perhypertensive groups and normotensive groups; the awareness rate of other risk factors such as overweight-obesity(46.94%), Nervousness and excitement(40.35%), anxiety(37.29%),smoking(57.29%), and drinking(60.24%)are not significant differences among hypertensive groups, perhypertensive groups and normotensive groups. The top three sources of correlative knowledge about the hypertension is medical staff, family and friends, and radio and television, but these three groups have no significant differences of that.(3)The attitude related to hypertension: 95% people is willing to accept physical examination and health care services related to hypertension, 90% people is willing to change their living habits which seems to increase the risk of hypertension, only 50% people thinks that hypertension is a serious disease, but these three groups have no obvious difference of these. The hypertensive need long-term medication, to measure blood pressure regularly, and hypertension will affects their lives, the identification rates of the three attitudes are 35.18%, 78.94%, and 47.29%, which were higher in hypertensive groups than perhypertensive groups and normotensive groups(c2=58.488,p=0.000,c2=56.579,p=0.000;c2=26.825,p=0.000,c2=12.997,p=0.000;c2=21.522,p=0.000,c2=18.362,p=0.000);only 22.35% people had regular medical checkups, 61.76% people never had a physical examination, and these three groups have no obvious difference.(4)The correlative practice about the hypertension: there is 5.76% people had accepted health education, 13.41% people got an annual physical check-up, 71.18% people know their blood pressure ranges, the three groups have no obvious difference of that. There is 58.94% people measured their blood pressure in the last six months; 5.76% people had changed the bad habits, 65.18% people used to eat fresh fruits vegetables, but there is 78.94% people enjoyed salted food, the rates were higher in hypertensive groups than perhypertensive groups and normotensive groups. There is 92.12% people edible vegetable oil, 25.53% people smoke, 21.76% people drank, 45.65% people exercised often, the three groups have no obvious difference of these. There is 54.35% people felt tired and hard, 31.41% people often felt worried about their children’s work and study, 26.35% people often felt easy emotional and anger, only 3.41% people slept for less than four hours each day, three groups have no obvious difference of that.(5)The pass rate of correlative knowledge, attitude and practice scores about hypertension and their risk factors: 52.35% people pass the test of correlative knowledge about the hypertension; 61.29% people pass the test of attitude related to hypertension; 51.18% people pass the test of correlative practice about the hypertension. Three groups have no obvious difference of the pass rate of correlative knowledge score, but the pass rates of correlative attitude(c2=32.257,p=0.000,c2=20.285,p=0.000), practice(c2=16.263,p=0.000;c2=5.298,p=0.021) and aggregate scores(c2=19.630,p=0.000,c2=9.859,p=0.002)were higher in hypertensive groups than perhypertensive groups and normotensive groups. The affecting factors of the pass rate of correlative knowledge: in the normotensive groups, the pass rate of knowledge score of the male is higher than that of the female; in the perhypertensive groups, the pass rate of the male is higher than that of the female, and declines with age; in perhypertensive groups, the pass rate declines with age; the people with a family history of hypertension have higher pass rate than that without a family history of hypertension in all the groups. The affecting factors of the pass rate of attitude: in the normotensive groups, the pass rate of attitude score declines with age, increased with education level; in the perhypertensive groups, the people with a family history of hypertension have higher pass rate than that without a family history of hypertension; in the hypertensive groups, the peasants, workers and craftsmen had higher pass rate of attitude score than retire, businessmen, doctors, teachers or other professionals; the pass rate of attitude score increased with the pass rate of knowledge score in all the groups. The affecting factors of the pass rate of practice: in the normotensive groups, the retire, businessmen, doctors, teachers or other professionals had higher pass rate of attitude score than peasants, workers and craftsmen, the pass rate of practice score increased with the pass rate of attitude score; in the perhypertensive groups, the people with a family history of hypertension have higher pass rate of practice than that without a family history of hypertension, the pass rate of practice score increased with the pass rate of attitude score; the pass rate of practice score of the male is higher than that of the female, and the pass rate of practice score increased with the pass rate of knowledge score in all the groups.Conclusions: Anqing rural residents achieved low score of the knowledge, attitude and practice about hypertension; and the advantage of Hypertension groups is not obvious, so we need to focus on strengthening the health intervention in hypertension groups. The high-risk population of hypertension will be selected due to hypertension screening, along with aggressive treatment for perhypertensive groups in rural communities. According to different characteristics of rural residents, we can provide personalized ways of health education for the Middle-aged and Elderly Denizens in Anqing Rural Communities to improve the people’s awareness rate of the correlative knowledge about the hypertension then promote to develop their correct attitude and healthy behaviors. |
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