Study On The Planning And Design Of City Park Based On Crime Prevention

As one of the main content of urban construction, city parks provided citizens with a lot of facilities and spaces for outdoor activities. With the advancement of urbanization, the social contradictions and problems caused by the wealth gap was gradually outstanding. A large number of urban crimes appeared, and the criminal rate in city parks presented increased year by year. However, the planning and design of city parks was focused on the function and aesthetic all the time. The consideration of the security requirements of the city parks was ignored. Therefore, it was necessary to introduce the theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) abroad to analyze the relationship between the crime and the environment of city parks, and to explore the planning and design strategies of city parks aimed at the crime prevention which is suitable for our country.This study collected the criminal cases of city parks in Chongqing urban area during 2010 to 2015, analyzed the quantity, type, time and space distribution, and summarized the rule of criminal activities. The field investigation of the top 10 parks with crime cases took the six main elements of CPTED as the research content, namely territoriality, surveillance, access control, image and maintenance, target hardening, and activity support. The aim of the investigation was to analyze the relationship between the physical environment and the criminal activities, and found out the environment factors which affect the behavior of the crimes.Aiming at the crime prevention, this study further put forward the planning and design strategies of city parks based on the above research. It contained the building of the physical environment, the guidance social atmosphere and the promotion of the technical safety measures. First of all, the defensible space in the city parks could be built by the planning of the surrounding land, the surrounding traffic, and the surrounding buildings, and by the design of the environmental elements uch as the parks’ own boundaries, space hierarchy, topography, entrances, and road system. Secondly, the user’s sense of belonging and responsibility for the city parks could be enhanced by the guidance of social atmosphere. This responsibility could help people maintain the safety of the park. And it might reduce the wrongdoing and crimes in city parks. Finally, the defense capability of the city parks might be strengthened by introduction of the technical safety measures.This study deeply analyzed the relationship between the physical environment of city parks and the criminal activities, and put forward the targeted and practical strategies which could solve the crime problems. It might enrich and complete the theory system of CPTED and guide the construction of city parks especially for the enhance its self-defense forces.