Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol Reaserch

Threre are a large number of micro sensor nodes which have limited energy and are not easily changeable in wireless sensor network, besides the energy consumption in communicating is much larger than that in collecting and processing information, so saving energy become a very important aspect in WSN routing protocol. The network’s first purpose is to improve energy consumption rate and extend network’s life-span, not only concerning the quality of transferring information.This paper mainly introduces the concept, architecture,features of the wireless sensor network, then it analyse some typical routing protocol of wireless sensor network, after that, there is a research on LEACH protocol in depth, it analyses how the protocol worked, including cluster form phase and steady information delivering phase.While calculating the optimal number of cluster heads of LEACH routing protocol in wireless sensor networks, there is a problem that it only considers the energy at steady state phase and ignores the energy at cluster set-up phase, it causes accelerated death of the nodes and low energy use of the network, this paper proposed an improved calculation method for optimal number of cluster heads. This method is derived from the total energy dissipation of a round, it improves the network performance by controlling the optimal number of cluster heads. Choosing Matlab as the simulator, the result shows that it has a better performance than old method.Based on the analysis of LEACH protocol, refering to LEACH-C routing protocol which is founded by who created LEACH, we present a improved routing protocol called LEACH-AD, then we compare it with LEACH by using Matlab as the simulator, in three aspects which are number of cluster heads, wirel sensor network life-span,number of BS receiving information, through the analysis of experiment result, it proves that the new protocol balanced the energy consumption of the network and extended the network life-span.