Study On Temperament Type Characteristics And Behavioral Problems Of Preschool Children And Their Mutual Relationship At One Town In Zhangqiu City

ObjectiveStudy on the status of temperament type characteristics and behavioral problems of preschool children in Zhangiu city, analyze the influence of temperament and home environment etc, explore the relationship between temperament types and behavioral problems, choosing the right education method to guide the parents and teachers, according to their aptitude, and provide theoretical basis for promoting children’s physical and mental health development.MethodsUsing cluster random sampling method,3-6years old children of2kindergarten in Zhangqiu city were sampled as the research object. Use the "3to7years old children’s temperament scale (CPTS scale), the Conners parents questionnaire scale (PSQ scale) and the family nurture environment situation questionnaire to investigate psychological behavior and basic situation.760questionnaires were issued,45questionnaires were incomplete,715questionnaires were taken back, and effective recovery rate was94.1%. The distribution of temperament types and behavior problems were descriptive analyzed, x2test, t test and F test were used to analyze the relationship between temperament types and behavioral problems, multi-factor Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between family nurture environment and temperament types and behavioral problems.Results1. The distribution of temperament type715children were investigated, among them, high-maintenance type was63, accounted for8.8%; slow start type was87, accounted for12.2%; easy nurturing type was69, accounted for9.7%; intermediate type was496, accounted for69.4%. The intermediate type (70.4%,68.1%) and slow start type (11.2%,13.3%) were main types of temperament among Male and female; the composition of temperament type was no statistically significant difference in different gender (x2=1.0011,P=0.801) The intermediate type and slow start type were main types of temperament in3-age group and5～age group; the intermediate type and easy nurturing type high-maintenance type were main types of temperament in4～age group; the intermediate type and high-maintenance type were main types of temperament in6-age group. The composition of temperament type was no statistically significant difference in different age (x2=9.829, P=0.365). The composition of temperament type had statistically significant difference with norm (x2=185.696, P=0.000). Among them, the easy nurturing type (9.7%) was lower than the norm, the intermediate type (69.4%), the slow startup type (12.2%) and the high-maintenance type (8.8%) were higher than the norm. Compared with the children in other region, the composition of temperament type had statistically significant difference in Zhangqiu city, Nanchang City, Wuhan City and Guiyang city (x2=46.508,147.015,201.369, P=0.000).2. Compared temperament dimensions in different genderIn nine temperament dimensions, the scores of activity level, emotional nature and reaction threshold had statistically significant difference in different gender (P<0.05). Among them, the boy’s activity level and reaction threshold scores were higher than girls, and the emotional nature scores were lower than girls. The rest of temperament dimension scores had no statistically significant difference in different gender (P>0.05).3. Compared temperament dimensions in different ageIn nine temperament dimensions, repellent and adhere scores had statistically significant difference in different gender (P<0.05). Among them, the repellent scores were highest in5to age group, adhere scores were highest in6to age group. The rest of temperament dimension scores had no statistically significant difference in different gender (P>0.05).4. Compared temperament dimensions with the normStatistical analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference between all temperament dimensions and the norm (t=-38.033-74.526, P=0.000). Compared with Wuhan city, Nanchang city and Guiyang city, temperament dimensions of children had difference in different city, all temperament dimensions had statistically significant difference in different city (t=-40.764～78.622, t=-29.451～64.100, t=-35.303～71.920, P=0.000).5. Compared behavior problems in different genderChildhood conduct problem, impulse-hyperactivity problem, and hyperactivity index scores had statistically significant difference in different gender (P<0.05). Among them, the boys’behavior problems were significantly higher than girls’. The rest of behavior problems scores had no statistically significant difference in different gender (P>0.05).6. Compared behavior problems in different temperament typesThe results showed that childhood conduct problem, learning problem, impulse-hyperactivity problem, anxiety and hyperactivity index problem had statistically significant difference in different temperament types (P<0.05). The conduct problem, learning problem, impulse-hyperactivity problem, anxiety and hyperactivity index problem were prominent problems in high-maintenance type of children.7. Compared temperament dimensions scores in different behavior problem groups The activity level, regularly, aversion, adaptability, reaction intensity, emotion essence, persistence, distractibility and threshold of response of nine temperament dimensions had statistically significant difference in different behavior problem groups (P<0.05). Among them, activity level, reaction intensity and threshold of response in the behavioral problem group scored significantly higher than normal group of children, and regularly, aversion, adaptability, emotional essence, persistence and attention degree of dispersion in behavior normal group scored significantly higher than the behavioral problem group.8. Family nurture environment effect on temperamentStepwise regression parameter estimation and test results showed that factors were different in family nurture environment effect on temperament types. Easy nurturing type, father’s personality, children’s sleep, and the average illness frequency of children in nearly half a year finally were selected as protective factors. Mother’s drinking was selected as risk factors. Intermediate type, children’s diet of1variable finally was selected as protective factors. Difficult to raise type, father drinking, children sleep, the average illness frequency of children in nearly half a year, and the relationship between children and their parents of4variables finally were selected as risk factors, and mother monthly income was selected as protective factors. Start slow type, pregnancy complications and father drinking2variables finally were selected as protective factors.9. Family nurture environment effect on behavior problemsStepwise regression parameter estimation and test results showed that pregnancy complications, rearing attitude of family members, living conditions of the family, children’s diet, children’s sleep, the average daily time of watching TV, and the average illness frequency of children in nearly half a year of of7variables finally were selected as risk factors.Conclusion1. All temperament types of preschool children had no statistically significant difference in different genders and ages in Zhangqiu City. Some factors of temperament dimensions had statistically significant difference in different genders and ages.2. There was a significant relationship between the behavior problems and the temperament type and the temperament dimensions of preschool children in Zhangqiu city.3. The family nurture environment significantly affected preschool children’s temperament type and behavior problems.Teachers or parents should pay attention to the different ways of education of children with different temperament in the kindergarten and family education according to the temperament characteristics, improve family nurture environment, take the appropriate method to breeding, effectively prevent behavior problems of children, and provide the guarantee for the healthy growth of children.