Investigation On Career Planning In Nursing Students And Its Education Strategy Research

Purposes: to understand the status and influence factors of careerplanning of nursing students, and develop career education strategies withnursing characteristic, in order to provide basis for career planningeducation system of nursing professional in our country, and promote theprofessional development of nursing students.Objects:2242students of Chongqing medical university from nursingschool were employed, including185male,1981female;907of them werethree-year students, and the rest1259were four-year students. The averageage was18.75±2.75years.Methods: the surveys were conducted using Self-made general dataquestionnaire, Career planning questionnaire for nursing students (LiaoYongzhen) and Career decision-making difficulties questionnaire forcollege students (Li Na). Mean comparison, variance analysis, t-test,chi-square test, multiple regression analysis and other statistical methodswere applied in the evaluation of nursing students’ career planning level, career decision-making difficulties, and analysis of the influence factors ofcareer planning.Based on above results and analysis of relevant literatures, theoutline of interview named ‘career influencing factors and educationstrategy of nursing students’ was developed, and applied to the semistructured interview to a total of33students, teachers and personnel ofemployment guidance, education management and clinical nursingmanagement from nursing school of Chongqing medical university. Thefirst draft of nursing students’ career education strategy combined with theinterview results was proposed with the guidance of ‘Requirements ofcareer development and employment guidance curriculum for collegestudents’ by Ministry of education. And the final career education strategyof nursing students was finished after two rounds of enquiry to a total of27experts engaged in nursing education, clinical nursing management andhuman resource management nationwide using the Delphi ExpertConsultation.Results:1.The career planning capability of nursing students was in a mediumlevel, and they had career decision-making difficulties.2.There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the average score ofcareer planning and career decision-making difficulties between nursingstudents of different genders, educational backgrounds, origins, professional intentions, the only or not, whether have any social practiceexperiences. The ones who were female, city household, not the only child,of the first choice, with professional practice and three-year students werebetter than those Male, rural household, from dispensing, the only child,without practice and four-year students in career planning and had fewercareer decision-making difficulty.3.Social practice experiences, sources, professional choice intentionsand parental involvement were the main influence factors of careerplanning ability and career decision-making difficulties (B=2.67；0.90) fornursing students.4.The main influencing factors of nursing career education were: Thelack of professional knowledge, family involvement, value of careerplanning.5.Education strategy: The entire and phases teaching of a total periodof36periods with the theory-practice courses ratio of5:4wasrecommended by all the experts. And the content contained6fields ofself-awareness, cognition of external environment, nursing careerawareness, basic knowledge of career planning, nursing career planningpractice and employment guidance and support. Education forms should beadded with lectures of career experts, visiting hospitals, career interviews,personal counseling, etc. The evaluation method should include writingcareer planning text, using tool evaluate and theory test. Conclusions:1.The career planning education need be strengthened further fornursing students’ career decision-making difficulties and their mediumlevel of career planning.2.Focus should be paid on the nursing students of male, the one-child,from dispensing, rural source, without social practice experience andfour-years for the inconsistent career planning ability and careerdecision-making difficulties of different educations, family backgrounds,sources, whether have parental involvements and social practiceexperiences or not.3.The entire and phases teaching to nursing students combined theorywith practice, classroom education with extracurricular activities isrecommended. The nursing professional education and professionalidentity development should be strengthened, in order to make studentsunderstand the importance of career planning education fully, andeducation career planning content and form should be enriched by visitinghospital and peer guidance, counseling and professional social practice toimprove the quality of nursing students career education and promote thestudents’ career development.