Study On The Effects Of Glutamine Health For Growing Pigs And Fut1Gene Polymorphism Analysis

The study chose DLY as test materials to analyse comparatively the effects that is about different adding amount of glutamine(Gln) on growth performance, immunity, swine fever (CSF) and foot-and-mouth disease(FMD) antibody levels and small intestine morphology for DLY, then analysed the FUT1gene polymorphism. It aims to reveal immunology mechanism of different disease resistance under different levels of Gln for DLY and lay the foundation for using immune indexes to study immune nutrition, determine the best added dose of Gln, provide the basis for healthy pigs looking for healthier and safer management method and thought of antibiotics’ replacing from the perspective of nutrition immune. This study is divided into four parts.Part1:study on effects of Gln and antibiotics on performance and immune function for DLY. This study Selected270DLYs that are29±2day-old and growing up well to randomly divide into5groups. Each group has3repeats (bars) and each repeat has18pigs, male female ratio closely. What basic ration the study use was called "ru er liao". Group1to group3added Gln to basic ration was0.5%,1.0%and1.5%respectively. Group4added amoxicillin to basic ration was400g/t and group5dded nothing is control group.The period of this experiment last for90days. The test results show that:①growth performance:Effects of Gln and antibiotics on growth performance in29d～75d phase are no significant differences (P<0.05), but are extremely significant differences in the76d to93d phase on ADG, ADFI, F/G (P<0.01). Gln optimum adding amount is1.0%.②Physiological indexes:adding1.0%Gln can enhance the number of RBC, HCT, PLT at el. Adding0.5%Gln can increase the total number of WBC and LYM significantly(P<0.05),and increase LYM%extremely and significantly (P<0.01).③Biochemical indexes:Effects of Gln and antibiotics on AST, ALT/GOT, ALP, T-Cho, HDL and LDL are no significant differences (P>0.05), but are significant differences on BUN, ALT, and GLU (P<0.05).④Immune indexes:Effects of Gln and antibiotics on TP, Glo, IgA and IgM are no significant differences (P>0.05), but reach different levels on Alb, A/G, IgG, complement C3and C4significantly (P<0.05).1.0%Gln group is highest on TP, Alb, A/G and complement C3.⑤antioxidative indices:Gln can reduce the level of MDA significantly(P<0.05).The level of MDA and SOD,GSH-PX activity have negative correlation with the content of Gln. When adding Gln increase by0.5%,the level of MDA decrease from1.72%to3.89%, and on increasing T-AOC,the optimal level of Gln is10%.⑥Enzyme indices:Gln can increase the level of IL-12significantly with1.0%Gln best (P<0.05) and improve the level of IFN-y and CD8significantly with1.0%Gln and0.5%Gln best respectively(P<0.01) and increase the CD4/CD8ratio with0.5%Gln better.⑦Immune organ indices:Gln can improve the Immune organ indices, and especially higher20.75%than amoxicillin group on tonsil index significantly(P<0.05), and higher35.29%than amoxicillin group on weight of tonsil extremely and significantly (P<0.01).The optimum adding amount of Gln is1.0%and it can replace the antibiotics effectively. Part2:Study on effects of Gln and antibiotics on CSF, FMD antibody level and Change trend for DLY. Design of experiment was the same to part1. At40and63day-old, each group was vaccinated CSF vaccine separately. After first time7days,15days and22days and second time7days,14days,21days and28days, sample blood at precaval vein for CSF antibody detection. At48day-old, each group was vaccinated FMD vaccine. After that7days,15days,22days and29days, separately sample blood at precaval vein for FMDV-O antibody testing. The results show that first vaccinating CSF vaccine2to3weeks later, the antibiotics group’s CSF antibody levels decline rapidly, while0.5%Gln group and1.5%Gln group of that appear rising trend and the highest OD value reaches0.713. And second vaccinating CSF vaccine later, OD value is significant different(P<0.05). Second vaccinating CSF vaccine3weeks later,1.5%Gln group reach the peak level and it has the biggest ascensional range in CSF antibody and22.2%higher than antibiotics group. FMD antibody reaches the highest peak with0.5%Gln group works best after vaccinating3weeks. Gln can affect the production of CSFV and FMDV antibodies and maintaining time positivelyPart3:Study on effects of Gln and antibiotic on small intestine morphology development degree for DLY. Design of experiment was the same to part1.At the end of the test, selected1healthy pig for slaughter each repeat of each group and captured the duodenum, jejunum and ileum segments for intestinal morphology observation. The results show that adding Gln can improve development degree of small intestine morphology significantly (P<0.05).1.5%Gln group can increase the length and width of duodenal villus significantly(P<0.05).0.5%Gln group can improve jejunal crypt depth significantly(P<0.05) and in Gln groups, crypt depth has downward trend linearly with the amount of Gln increasing.1.0%Gln group can increase length of ileal villus and1.5%Gln group can reduce the ileal crypt depth. That’s say Gin can effectively improve damaging or inhibition of small intestine morphology development that due to using antibiotic and to replace antibiotics.Part4:Study of FUT1gene polymorphism analysis. This study applied PCR and PCR-RFLPs techniques to detecte and analyse the78samples of DLY for distribution of resistance genes polymorphism (FUT1). The results show that GG genotype frequency is highest of FUT1and higher43.58%than AG type, with showing genotype trend like that GG> AG> AA. In this test, no AA genotype was detected, and the native pig breeds have high levels of A gene frequency, or contains only AA type. So we should maintain the individual which has the G allele and take advantage of protogene of the local pig breeds to breed healthy swine.