Effects Of Tributyrin,α-ketoglutarate And Alanyl-glutamine On The Growth Performance,Intestine Health And Immune Gene Expression Of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii And Micropterus Salmoides

Purpose:The purpose of this research was to study the effects of tributyrin（TB）,α-ketoglutarate（α-KG）and alanyl-glutamine（Ala-Gln）on the growth performance,intestine health and immune gene expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Micropterus salmoides.Methods:Experiment 1:The research animal was Macrobrachium rosenbergii.The control group was supplemented with 33.70% peanut meal and 40.00% soybean meal,the experimental groups was added 0.10%,0.20% TB,1.00%,2.00% α-KG,1.00%,2.00% Ala-Gln to soybean meal feed,8kinds of feed in total,each group was named SMs,PMs,TB1 s,TB2s,α-KG1 s,α-KG2 s,AGn1s and AGn2 s group.640 Macrobrachium rosenbergii of 0.10±0.02 g were selected and randomly stocked into 32 culture tanks,3 replicates per group,20 prawns per replicate.The feeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks.Experiment 2:The research animal was Micropterus salmoides.The control group was supplemented with 34.80% peanut meal and 41.30% soybean meal,the addition amount of TB,α-KG and Ala-Gln was the same as in experiment 1.Each group was named SM,PM,TB1,TB2,α-KG1,α-KG2,AGn1 and AGn2.A total of 480 Micropterus salmoides of 25.5±0.5g were cultured and they were randomly stocked to 24 culture tanks,3 replicates per group,20 fish per replicate.The breeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks.Results:The results of experiment 1 showed that the growth performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii,serum superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content,and the expression of TOR and caspase-3 genes in the intestine of each group had no significant effects（P>0.05）.Compared with the peanut meal group,the activities of α-amylase,lipase and trypsin in the hepatopancreas and intestines of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the soybean meal group were lower,and the high level additive groups was significantly higher than that in the soybean meal group（P<0.05）;Compared with the peanut meal group,the TNF-α gene expression in the intestine of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the soybean meal group was significantly increased（P<0.05）.The results of Micropterus salmoides in experiment 2 showed that the growth performance,body composition,trypsin in the liver and the expression of AMPK-α,TGFβ1,and TGFβ2 genes in the intestine of each group had no significant effect（P>0.05）.Compared with the peanut meal group,the digestive enzymes in the foregut of Micropterus salmoides in the soybean meal group were significantly reduced.Compared with the soybean meal group,the addition of TB significantly increased the α-amylase activity,and 1% Ala-Gln significantly increased the lipase.The additive group significantly increased trypsin（P<0.05）;compared with the peanut meal group,the soybean meal group significantly reduced the expression of TOR and 4E-BP genes and significantly increased ACC,caspase-3,caspase-8,caspase-9,and TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression（P<0.05）.Compared with the soybean meal group,the additive group significantly increased the expression of TOR and 4E-BP and significantly reduced ACC,caspase-3,caspase-8,and caspase-9,TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression（P<0.05）;Compared with the peanut meal group,the villus height and mucosal thickness of the anterior midgut of the soybean meal group were significantly reduced,and the depth of the foregut crypt was significantly increased.The experimental groups significantly increased Micropterus salmoides anterior,middle and posterior intestinal mucosal thickness,villi height and decreased crypt depth（P<0.05）.Conclusion:1.The addition of TB,α-KG and Ala-Gln to soybean meal feed has no effect on the growth performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Micropterus salmoides,the body composition of Micropterus salmoides and the antioxidant capacity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.2.Compared with peanut meal,soybean meal significantly reduces the digestibility of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Micropterus salmoides.TB,α-KG and Ala-Gln can reduce the depth of crypts and increase the thickness of mucosa and the height of villi,and have a certain improvement effect on the activities of intestinal α-amylase,lipase and trypsin.Among them,Ala-Gln is better than TB and α-KG.3.Compared with peanut meal,soybean meal affects the expression of apoptosis and related inflammatory genes in the intestine of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Micropterus salmoides.Adding TB can improve the effect of soybean meal on the intestine of Macrobrachium rosenbergii,while adding TB and α-KG Both Ala-Gln and Ala-Gln can improve the effect of soybean meal on intestinal cell apoptosis and inflammation of Micropterus salmoides,and can up-regulate the expression of 4E-BP and TOR genes.