Avian Community Structure And Seasonal Dynamics Of Suzhou Industrial Park

Suzhou Industrial Park was developed on the basis of the China-Singapore Industrial Parkconstructed in1994. It was the first national eco-industrial demonstration park. The ecologicalenvironment construction of SIP was typical. The avian community in SIP was surveyed from May2012to April2013, analysised of different habitats of avian community structure and seasonaldynamics, discussed the relationship between birds and degree of urbanization and urbanecological environment. Selected four types of habitats, including wetlands, industrial andresidential areas, roads, parks. Set up17sample lines,24sample points. The main results conveyedas follows:104species of birds were recorded in wetland habitats, belonged to12orders and35families,included two kinds of national classⅡprotection birds: Kestrel and small Curlew. Bird species inYangcheng Lake wetland was most, it was81kinds, bird species in Dongsha Lake wetland wasleast, it was38kinds; bird density in Yangcheng Lake wetland was highest, it was9.04±0.24/hm~2,bird density in Jinji Lake wetland was lowest, it was4.41±0.15/hm~2; Shannon-Wiener diversityindex in Yangcheng Lake wetland was highest, it was3.1360, in Dushu Lake wetland was lowest,and it was2.4187. From seasonal dynamics point of view, bird species in spring was most, it was76kinds, bird species in autumn was least, and it was54kinds; bird density in winter was highest,it was7.75±0.11/hm~2, bird density in spring was lowest, it was4.36±0.06/hm~2; Diversity indexin spring was highest, it was2.6213, in autumn was lowest, and it was2.3327. Clustering analyzedof the Jinji Lake wetland, Yangcheng Lake wetland, Dongsha Lake wetland clustered into onegroup, the Yangcheng Lake wetland separate clustered into one group. Bird diversity of naturalwetlands was higher and evenly distributed that of constructed wetland was lower and unevenlydistributed, landscape heterogeneity and human disturbance was the important factor affecting thedistribution of birds in wetland.60species of birds were recorded in residential and industrial areas, belonged to11ordersand29families. Bird density was5.46±0.26/hm~2, the diversity index was2.0885. From seasonaldynamics point of view, bird species in spring was most, it was36kinds, bird species in summerwas least, and it was28kinds; bird density in autumn was highest, it was6.61±0.37/hm~2, birddensity in summer was lowest, it was4.52±0.2/hm~2; Diversity index in winter was highest, it was2.5172, in autumn was lowest, and it was2.0745. Overall bird diversity in residential and industrialareas was lower and uneven distribution. 30species of birds were recorded in road habitats, belonged to6orders and19families. Birddensity was7.29±0.54/hm~2, the diversity index was1.8306. Bird diversity was higher in diversevegetation types of roads, was lower in single vegetation types of roads. From seasonal dynamicspoint of view, bird species in spring was most, it was25kinds, bird species in autumn was least,and it was18kinds; bird density in spring was highest, it was9.39±0.73/hm~2, bird density insummer was lowest, it was6.14±0.43/hm~2; Diversity index in summer was highest, it was2.0513,in spring was lowest, and it was1.9823. Bird diversity in road habitats was low, the dominantspecies was highlight, mainly commoned with passerine birds.49species of birds were recorded in residential and industrial areas, belonged to9orders and24families. Bird density was3.15±0.17/hm~2, the diversity index was2.3173. From seasonaldynamics point of view, bird species in spring was most, it was32kinds, bird species in autumnwas least, and it was19kinds; bird density in winter was highest, it was4.05±0.21/hm~2, birddensity in autumn was lowest, it was2.27±0.16/hm~2; Diversity index in winter was highest, it was2.3496, in spring was lowest, and it was1.7807. Parks with high degree of landscape heterogeneity,bird species were more, bird diversity was higher and evenly distributed, parks with low degree oflandscape heterogeneity, bird species were less, bird diversity was lower and unevenly distributed.130species of birds were recorder in different habitats, belonged to12orders and41families,passeriformes were frequently observed. Avifauna mainly were Palaearctic and wide distributed,residents and summer migrants accounted for most. Bird species in wetlands were more and evenlydistributed, bird species in roads were less and unevenly distributed, the dominant species werehighlight. From seasonal dynamics point of view, bird species in spring was most, it was84kinds,bird species in summer was least, and it was61kinds; bird density in winter was highest, it was7.12±0.2/hm~2, bird density in summer was lowest, it was5.5±0.16/hm~2; Diversity index in winterwas highest, it was2.8292, in autumn was lowest, and it was2.5384. The richness and diversity ofbirds decreased with the improvement in the level of city. Residential and industrial areas withhighly urbanized that bird species, diversity was significantly lower than the wetland habitats withlow degree of urbanization. According to the results of the study, in different habitats, priorityshould be given to protect the following areas: Yangcheng Lake, Gold Huasheng Paper, BaitangEco Botanical Garden and Gangtian Road. Bird species, quantity, diversity and naturalenvironmental conditions in wetland habitats were the best of all habitats, should focus onprotection.