Discussion On The Integration Of Urban And Rural Endowment Insurance System

The endowment is an old topic in a long history of human being. Since the human civilization, humans have researched and explored the endowment problem. As a common social security system, the development of endowment insurance system not only depends on the economic base, but also is constrained by the political system. With the rapid economic development and the continuous improvement of people’s living standard, China’s social endowment insurance system has made considerable progress. However, because of adhering to non-balanced development and dual household registration system in long time, the endowment insurance system in our country shows a typical feature of "dual split". On the one hand, the urban endowment insurance system has begun to take shape after sixty years’development; On the other hand, the rural endowment insurance system faces a wide range of problems, such as narrow coverage, low insurance, poor supervision, and so on.This dual endowment insurance system is not conducive to the free labor movement, or block the sustained economic development, especially not to show the equality of civil rights.It is more and more important to gradually reform and to innovate the existing endowment insurance system. The state clearly proposed the idea of coordinating urban and rural development. Based on above, the nation pushed forward construction of new countryside, and governments at all levels also speeded up the rural infrastructure construction. The report of the Seventeenth Party Congress formulated that "Focus on security and improving people’s livelihood". In addition, the academia also has lots of interpretation and recommendations, especially with the rural endowment insurance system. To this end, it is very important to break through the urban-rural boundaries and to establish the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system.Although the government and the academia have recognized the necessity and importance to establish the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system, the reform still faces many serious problems, such as how to build the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system, how to improve this system step by step, and so on.Around the main line of establishing the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system, this thesis comprehensively uses the following methods:specification analysis, empirical analysis, comparative analysis, systems analysis, literature research and other scientific analysis methods. This thesis compares and analyzes the historical evolution, foreign patterns of endowment insurance system and the differences between urban and rural endowment insurance system, tries to find out the general rule and the critical factors which have influenced on the system evolution. According to the requirements of the universality, fairness and mutual-help, this thesis summarizes the necessity and feasibility, proposes the new train of thought and some relevant policy suggestions of establish universal endowment insurance system. Thus, this thesis is divided into five chapters, as follows:The introduction part mainly discusses the social significance of the subject, summarizes and evaluates the current situation of domestic and foreign research into the subject, and then determines research methods and basic ideas, finally puts forward the author’s views that the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system should be established in China.The first chapter makes the theory overview of endowment insurance system. By describing the content, features and basic principles of endowment insurance, the author reviews the theoretical basis, such as Utopian socialism, Marxism, Fabian socialism, Neo-historical school, Welfare economics, insufficient effective demand and state intervention of Keynesian theory. Afterwards, the author analyzes the historical development and typical patterns of endowment insurance system, clarifies the theoretical and realistic basis on the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system, reveals the advantages and disadvantages of various systems, and ultimately forms the theoretical framework of how to build the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system.The second chapter reviews the establishment and development of China’s endowment insurance system. According to the relevant endowment insurance policies, it is divided into five evolution periods that the course from the establishment to the development, namely the start-up period, the paralysis period, the recovery period, the reform period, and the innovation period.The third chapter correspondingly contrasts the situation and problems of urban endowment insurance system with rural endowment insurance system. Through in-depth studying on security model, the level of protection and management system, the author roundly analyzes the gap between urban and rural areas, and attempts to reveal the source of these differences. The social structure of dual economic structure and household registration system laid the foundation for the development of heavy industry. However, it brought more negative effects on labor mobility, economic structural reforms, living standard disparity, and harmonious society construction. This section also lays the foundation for the targeted reform proposals in the last chapter.On the basis of previous section, the fourth chapter is predominantly studied on the necessity and feasibility about constructing a unified urban and rural endowment insurance system. For the necessity, first of all, the authority figures confirms that aging problem is increasingly serious in our country, especially in the rural area. Secondly, based on the status of the aging, the author elaborates that the traditional family endowment and land endowment are confronted with severe challenges, which further indicates the urgency of improving in rural endowment insurance system. Finally, by the dual needs of accelerating the development of urbanization construction and building a harmonious socialist society, it proves the necessity to establish a "scientific unified, urban-rural integration" endowment insurance system. At the same time, by means of analyzing recent economic data and interpreting relevant national policies, the author thoroughly dissects the practical feasibility of integrated urban and rural endowment insurance system, and demonstrates that our country already has been equipped the conditions with improving overall endowment insurance system.Based on existing experience, the fifth chapter proposes the idea of establishing the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance system. Firstly, it determines the basic principles followed by the establishment of integrated urban and rural endowment insurance system. Secondly, it constructs the specific target model, which includes the national unified basic endowment insurance, mandatory personal savings accounts, completely voluntary commercial insurance, and aged allowance system of urban and rural residents. Thirdly, with China’s actual situation, it clearly states the specific implementation ways, and intensively studies the "Three-step" strategy, which is expected to establish a "multi-level, integration" endowment insurance system until 2050, and make sure everyone has the equal right to social security. Finally, combined with international experience, it puts forward some reform proposals relating to present situation, which comprises improving the legal system, reforming the household registration system, expanding channels of fund investments and strengthening supervision. In summary, this thesis hopes to provide some ideas for our relevant departments and scholars.