Improved Wireless Sensor Networks Leach Protocol With Coexistence Of Single-Hop And Multi-Hop Based On The Farmland

As the progress of sensor technology, microelectronics, embedded computing technology and wireless communication technology, the wireless sensor networks (WSN) makes a rapid development. The WSN integrates four major technologies, transducer, embedded calculating, the distributed information processing and wireless communication. It is a kind of brand-new information acquisition, processing and transmission technology. It can be applied to these fields of military, environmental monitoring, medical aid, commerce,etc. The researchers around the world dedicate to the research of wireless sensor networks routing protocol, MAC layer protocol, Quality of the Service, network topology control, network security and so on. Some research results are achieved.Routing technology is the key technology of the wireless sensor networks, and it is one of the most important factors which influence the overall performance of network. Conventional fixed routing protocol of network is no longer adapted to the wireless sensor networks dynamic changing topological structure, quite a lot of routing protocols that specially direct against the wireless sensor networks have been proposed in recent years, such as LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN, etc. The LEACH protocol was proposed earlier which directed to the wireless sensor networks. LEACH protocol is a clustering network protocol of self-organizational, self-adaptive, energy effective. Otherwise, the cluster heads are elected randomly without being optimized, it ignores the geography positions of the nodes and the level of nodes energy remained.An improved protocol based on the LEACH protocol is proposed in the paper, the real needs of the farmland are aimed at by new protocol, the farmland always has a large area and contains plenty of information. The title of the new protocol is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Single-hop and Multi-hop Coexistence, LEACH-SMC is short for it. The LEACH-SMC has two advantages in comparison with the LEACH protocol:1. The cluster heads can only communicate with the database by just single-hop mode according to the LEACH protocol. When the cluster heads are far away from the database, the energy consumption is awful. A new method is proposed to solve this problem, it uses the critical distance (with the help of parameter β) to judge when to use the single-hop mode or the multi-hop mode. The multi-hop mode can reduce the cluster heads’ energy consumption; the single-hop mode is able to reduce the packet delay and packet loss rate.2. The Minimized Energy Consumption Routing (MECR) is taken use of in the multi-hop mode. A list is created that contains all the paths connecting entire multi-hop nodes single-hop nodes and database, the MECR is picked out and named the best way for packet transmitting.MATLAB is used as a tool to simulate and compare the LEACH-SMC protocol with the LEACH protocol. The result demonstrates that the LEACH-SMC protocol can enlarge the efficient coverage area and prolong the lifetime of the entire network.