The Study On The Settlement Landscape Morphology Of Zhang Guying In Hunan

Zhangguying Village in Hunan was built in the Ming Dynasty Hongwu years, with unique settlement landscape in China. In this paper, studying on the settlement landscape spatial structure, space type, spatial patterns, spatial sequence, landscape view, landscape elements were carried out by field mapping, analysis of the end and the figure, spatial structure, space type, space sequence, the key findings are:(1) Settlement external spatial structure’s characteristic is farmland, woodland, mountain parallel arrangement along the main axis of the settlement construction. Buildings axis along the spindle was vein-like layout up. Settlement internal spatial structure includes material life and institutions on etiquettes and rituals. There are five core areas in material life:DangDaMen,DongTouAn,connect XiTouAn into a piece of core area; three independent core area of ShangXinWu, XiaXinWu and WangJiaDuan; the core area interspersing in farmland, and the southwest architectural complex of Weixi River. The Zhang ancestral hall what recorded on the pedigree of a clan is the center of institutions on etiquettes and rituals.(2) There are two types of settlement landscape’s space classifications, which are building system and public space system. Building system contains living populated area and ritual area, the living populated area’s landscape layout forms include ranks form likes DangDaMen, WangJiaDuan, XiTouAn DongTouAn; flakiness form likes ShangXinWu, XiaXinWu; combine the terrain organically form distributing in farmland and woodland. The ritual system area is lumps form. Public space system is divided into the street space, plaza space, public green space, residential entrance space and cemetery space.(3) Settlement space correlation is divided into correlation of construction, farmland, woodland, stream and road. Construction and farmland, woodland space correlation can be divided into lumps form, linear form and organic form. Lumps form is concentrated in architectural complex of DangDaMen, WangJiaDuan, ShangXinWu and XiaXinwu; linear form correlation is divided into two forms of straight line and arc line; organic form is buildings distributing in farmland, woodland and mountain. Construction and water system’s correlation divides into two forms:building near the water and back of the water. Construction and road space correlation divides into two forms:construction near the road or construction connects the road with bridge. Construction near the road shows the "Construction-Road-River" layout, construction connects the road with bridge shows the "Construction-Water system-Road" layout.(4) Settlement landscape spatial sequence consists of two parallel landscape routes, the performance of space combination order is construction, water system, road system’s space texture. The characteristics of order’s space form are transformation from dominance to recessive, abundant of spatial sequence, obvious space level. Settlement boundary takes sharp as "openâ†'semi-openâ†'semi-closedâ†'closed" gradient inside of the constructions. Landscape view research from the point of "see and be seen", the characteristics of the settlement landscape view concluding the appropriate of architectural landscape spatial scales, the right viewing distance, viewing angle; using King practices.(5) Settlement landscape elements include bridges, roadways, reservoirs, wellbay and so on. Bridge plays the part in linking the both sides and rich village landscape; roadway is the vital communication line which connects the main roads and main residential entrance; reservoirs are distributed around the buildings, the spring in the continuity of the linear space of the original Water Street, increasing the space of point-like, manufacturing landscape excitement.In the sum, we can get the conclusions of this article by analyzing space structure, space types, space correlation, spatial sequence and view of landscape, they are:(1) Zhangguying Village to the natural as the basis, with the surrounding farmland, woodland, mountain, river system closely integrated together to form a dual-core, multi-group, prioritize, and natural organic combination of the village landscape form.(2) The settlement overall layout according to the terrain was "Ganzhishi" type structure, the formation of the main hall and cross Church courtyard is the center component units, the roadway in series or in parallel to each unit, each unit of self into the courtyard, each courtyard consistently one a sense of order and layout of the structure.(3) Settlement landscape space combination of water, roads, topography, and respect for nature. Form to courtyard spatial pattern of the village landscape for outdoor public space for residential living core, squares, streets, green space, residential entrance.(4) The settlement late in the development conform to the topography, dispersed settlement space formed between the farmland, woodland group like, linear, the layout of the form of the model. All in all, Zhangguying Village has organic relationship with the natural.The structure and layout is rigorous, the layer of landscape settlement’s space is rich.