Analysis On The Land Use Status And Ecosystem Services And The Driving Forces Of The Land Use Pattern Changes In Metropolises In China

In the paper, the cities of which the agricultural population numbers in urban district were exceed two millions since1995were selected as study objects, including Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Nanjing, Xian, Harbin, Wuhan and Guangzhou, and because of data missing, Shenyang was not taken into account in this study. The structural characteristics of ecological land, the ecosystem services of land system and the relationship between ecosystem service of land system and urbanization in metropolises in China are the three main part of this work. Firstly, to analysis land use dynamic degrees and land use change intensity in the metropolises, urban land was divided into seven types:cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban green land, construction land and unused land. Then the paper estimated the ecosystem service values the metropolises’land system afford, and made a comparison and analysis on the eco-service value per unit area and eco-service value per capita in the metropolises. At last, the paper discussed the relationship between ecosystem service and urbanization level and the driving force of the ecological land change.The results showed that, in China the land use structure changes among the metropolises were similar, except Chongqing in all the cities the urban green land and construction land were increased, and the cultivated land and water area were decreased, the change direction of the forest land, grassland and unused land in the cities were different, but the change intensities were diversity, the ranking of change intensity were Chongqing>Xian>Shanghai>Nanjing>Guangzhou>Tianjin>Wuhan>Beijing>Harbin, because of huge city range expansion, all the kinds of land in Chongqing were increased largely; the ranking of ecosystem service value per unit area in1995were Guangzhou>Wuhan>Harbin>Nanjing>Xian>Tianjin>Beijing>Shanghai>Chongqing and the range was4996yuan/ha-8854yuan/ha, in2008were Guangzhou>Harbin>Xian>Shanghai>Chongqing>Beijing>Wuhan>Nanjing>Tianjin and the range was4746yuan/ha-8777yuan/ha, there were some differences between these cities’ land use change, the mean value dropped to6987.6yuan/ha in2008from7189.5yuan/ha inl995; the ranking of ecosystem service value per capita in1995were Harbin>Xian>Beijing>Guangzhou>Wuhan>Nanjing>Tianjin>Chongqing>Shanghai and the range was284yuan/person-7983yuan/person, in2008were Harbin>Chongqing>Xian>Guangzhou>Wuhan>Beijing>Nanjing>Tianjin>Shanghai and the range was305yuan/person-4538yuan/person, the mean value dropped to1230.37yuan/person in2008from1677.24yuan/person inl995, ecosystem service value per capita of every city was reduced except Chongqing and Shanghai, the value mainly influenced by population density; the range of the urbanization levels are Nanjing> Guangzhou> Beijing> Shanghai> Tianjin> Wuhan> Xian> Harbin> Chongqing; the correlation coefficients between different types ecological services and urbanization level are different, and most of them are negative; the main driving force of the shrinkage of agricultural land area of typical city Shanghai is the urbanization level.The study made a conclusion of the common points and differences of land use status and ecosystem service condition in Chinese metropolises, and made an analysis of the influences on the ecosystem service in highly urbanized city from the land use structure, and get a conclusion that the eco-services from land system of the main metropolises in China had been weakening during1995to2008. The land use status in the metropolises could supply decision basis for the sustainable development of land system of rapid urbanized booming metropolises, and the weaken eco-service condition of the metropolises would be a warning sign for the other urbanized cities in China.