Research On Energy Balancing In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensors network(WSNs) is a special ad-hoc networks, it synthesize modern network communication technology, distributed information processing, and embedded computing technology and the sensor technology. It has a promising application prospect in various fields and has been a new hot research topic in recent years. With wide application of WSNs, its energy finitude restricts the scope of its application. In sensor networks, if the node energy consumption is uneven, WSNs will form the "hot spots". Because of sending and receiving data frequently, the node (hot nodes) of this area dried up quickly. So it shortened the life of WSNs seriously. Aiming at the problem of unbalanced energy distribution, in this dissertation we mainly plan to prolong the life of sensor networks and improve the working performance of sensor networks by balancing the energy consumption in static networks and by balancing the energy distribution in mobile sensor networks. Two policies are presented and the results are given by theoretical research and simulation ways.The main works are all follows:1. The current typical balancing energy consumption strategies are introduced, the related energy balancing consumption strategies are analysized and compared for the static sensor networks and mobile sensor networks, including the energy models and network models.2. Through the above strategies of inspiration, we propose a scheme called mixed mul-hops strategy to balancing energy consumption in the static sensor network. The scheme combined the multi-hop scheme with the single hops for various nodes. We give the relationship between the rate of energy consumption and sensor node number, as well as the rate of energy consumption and the sensor radius by simulation.3. By analyzing the limitation of mixed multi-hops strategy, we proposed a balancing energy consumption strategy in mobile sensor networks. Through calculating energy density of each sensor node, the movable candidate nodes are selected. Then we detect energy holes by geometric way and propose a mobile algorithm for movable candidate node. By introducing a energy distribution balance index called Gini index, we evaluate the network energy balancing performance by simulation. The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve the balanced energy coverage very well. Therefore a long life time quality can be gained and the requirements of the design objective can be met.