Virtual Force Based Energy Hole Avoidance Strategy For Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are composed of multiple sensor nodes with sensing,computation and communication capabilities.The sensing range of these nodes must completely cover this network area,and the sensed data needs to be sent to the base station.In typical WSNs,nodes send data packets to the Sink node by multi-hop routing and many-to-one pattern.As a result,the closer to the base station,the more tasks the nodes undertake,the easier they are to be exhausted prematurely and form "energy holes".In order to solve the above problems,a type of virtual force based energy hole avoidance strategy(VFEM)is proposed in this thesis,which balances the energy consumption of the whole network by optimizing the location of the nodes and avoids energy hole effectively.To reduce data redundancy and avoid perceptual holes,virtual force(gravitation and repulsion)between nodes is firstly introduced that makes nodes move to distribute as uniformly as possible.Then in order to balance energy consumption and avoid the “energy hole problem”,all nodes are classified into two kinds,that are “sensing nodes” and “relay nodes”.Sensing nodes only do the sensing and data uploading tasks.While,relay nodes only receive data from the nodes in the adjacent outer annulus,and then forward them to the relay nodes located at the adjacent inner annulus.All these sensing data could finally be transmitted to the base station.Moreover,the “virtual gravity generated by ring” is proposed in this thesis to further optimize the location of nodes,and the annular-based non-uniform distribution network model is then constructed.In addition,with the help of the “data forwarding area”,the optimal paths for data uploading are selected out in the routing phase.Finally,by comparing VFEM with the SNAA algorithm and Wu Xiaobing's energy hole avoidance algorithm,it proves the advantages of VFEM in achieving energy balance.