Cafeterias Hygienic Assessment Of Different Management Models In Rural Boarding Schools In Henan Province

Objectivel.To investigate infrastructure and hygienic situation of rural boarding schools cafeterias in Henan province, and explore the problems. From food safety management, cafeteria diet, nutritional status of students and satisfaction with the canteen, etc, the different management models of rural boarding schools canteens were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for improveing food health and safety situation, students nutrition of rural boarding schools and creating schools health environment.Subjects and Methods1.Sixty boarding schools from each of the three type areas, which included economically developed counties, moderately developed counties and developing counties, were selected and cafeterias conditions of 180 boarding schools were evaluated and analyzed, which included the facilities and equipment layout conditions, the environmental hygiene conditions, the food and raw materials procurement, the storage and processing situations, the situations of employees in health status and the cafeteria supervision and management situations etc.2. From all the boarding schools of an economically moderately developed counties in one area, Henan provice, selected 2 boarding schools with the "School canteens managed by Catering Company " model from each of elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, a total of 6. As the same method, selected 6 boarding schools with "School self-management". Conducted the assessment of sanitation and hygiene managements, dietary survey by week, students physical measurements, questionnaires and other related investigations on 12 schools canteens.3. The data were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS12.0. Two-tailed test are used by all the Statistical tests, and the significant level was set at 0.05.Resultsl.The fitting rates of Separate functional partitions and the "three defenses" facilities in operating rooms were 25.4% and 19.2%. The qualified rates of tableware store and special washing facilities were 37.3%,44.1%. The passed rates of the health permit asked in the procurement of food and raw materials obtained, food and raw materials standard Storage, the remaining food frozen was 36.7%, 53.1% and 57.6%, respectively. The passing rates of each health indicators of employees and several key indicators of cafeterias supervision and management were above 80%.2 Comparative analysis of the canteens of different business models in Rural boarding school(1) Health facilities and management and supervision of twelve primary and secondary schools canteens.Canteens of different business models based on no significant difference in health facilities.The operating rooms of the schools cafeterias were equipped with the dado in a high degree of processing more than 1.5m. Some of functional partitions in ten schools cafeterias were independent. The "three defenses" facilities of most of the schools were effective basically (8 schools).8 schools cafeterias Procured the part of food and raw materials for cable card. A small number of schools canteens cleaned and processed food and materials by classified separately(≦ 5schools). Combining with the observation and the inspection of the situation of raw materials, food purchasing for cable card, hosting management pattern canteens in raw materials, food purchasing, processing and storage were standarder relatively. The employees of 11 schools cafeterias conducted a physical examination every year. All of 12 schools cafeterias had developed a response mechanisms to the food-bornes accident. After the inspection of documents by the systems, the systems of managed canteens business models were more comprehensive and systematic.(2) Food supply situation of different business models canteens①cafeterias diet:The cereals and vegetables were the main part of the dietary of canteens,400-600g/d, were more than 50% of the total food; the average daily of vegetables supplied at 200-400g/d, accounted for 30% of the total food. Fruits, fish and shrimp, and milk food supplies daily per capita were less than 5g. The suppling volume of Meat, eggs and beans were less than 10% of total food. According to dietary pagoda, the per capita supply of the five classes food of managed business model were 488g,294.3g,40g,44g,35g. And the supply of non-managed canteens were 436g,284.3g,35g,47g,26g.②Per capita supply of major nutrients:Protein, thiamine, sodium volume on the per capita supply were more than 80% of RNI, sodium of which was as high as 244%360% of RNI. The average daily supply of most of the remaining nutrients were less than 80% of RNI. The rates of the per capita supply more than RNI and the rates of short supply of major nutrients were no significant difference in the distribution between Canteens of different business models(P>0.05).③The per capita supply of nutrients and three meals:The energy proportions of the meals of entrusted operating canteens were 30.33%,34.33%,35.67%, respectively. The rates of the providing energy of the meals for non-managed business canteens were 29%,37.33%,34.33%, respectively. The ratios of Protein, fat, carbohydrates for energy of trusteeship canteens:15.33%,22.00%,63.67%, and the rates of non-managed operating canteens:15.67%,21.33%,64.00%.④The food sources of main nutrients:The per capita supply of all nutrients were mainly from the cereals, more than 50% of total food.The proportions of the high quality protein deriving from animal foods and legumes was less than 30% of total protein, managed canteens were 9.05% and 7.16%, and non-managed canteens were 7.16% and 12.42%.⑤Owing to the canteens could not meet the students requirements to nutrition and food items, many students tyied to find food supplements outside the cafeteria.Comparing food supply and intake, the results showed that:Cereals and potato, fruits and milk intakes increased slightly comparing to the per capita supply. The volumes intakes of fat, vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc per day increased slightly comparing to the supply.The proportions of the daily individual intakes of most nutrients more than RNI were as follows:managed canteens> non-managed canteens, and the differences of the energy, protein, thiamin, vitamin B6, calcium, phosphorus, potassium magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium and copper were statistically significant (P<0.01). The deficiency proportions of nutrients intake personally in managed operating canteens energy, protein, riboflavin, vitamin B6, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium and copper were lower than of non-managed canteens, and the differences were statistically Italy (P<0.05).(4) Nutritional status of physical objectsThe detection rates of lower weight and malnutrition of the managed and the unmanaged operating canteens students were 49.0% and 44.9%, and the detection rates of overweight and obesity were 10.9% and 15.9%. The distributions of the students nutritional status of different business models canteens were no significant differences (P>0.05).(5) Satisfaction of the investigation to canteens The rates of being dissatisfied and being very dissatisfied with quality of employees service from the students of managed and unmanaged cafeterias were 23.3% and 27.2%. Managed and unmanaged cafeterias that a proportion of consumption too high were 29.9% and 34.9%. The proportions of managed and operating business cafeterias students in eating too crowded in cafeteria were 35.4% and 21.5%.Conclusions1 Cafeterias equipments of rural boarding schools were inadequate and the arrangement was not standard. The procurement, the preservation and the processing of the food and raw materials were lack of standardized, and the supervision and management systems put into effect invalidly.The difference of different business models was no significant in health facilities. All linds of Managed business canteens model was relatively standardized in the procurement, the processing, the storage of the food and raw materials. The systems of Managed business canteens model were relatively comprehensive and systematic2.The dietary structures of different business models canteens were not entirely reasonable. The dietary structures and the energy proportion from meals of non-managed business model canteens were relative to scientific and rational. The canteens of managed operations model for the three major nutrients were relatively reasonabler.3.The supplys of different business models canteens on the riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc and other nutrients were in short most. The overall evaluation of the distribution of canteens of different business models at the per capita supply of all nutrients was not different. Some nutrients were further added by daily snacks.4.The canteens of different business models per capita protein supply were adequate, but the lack of high-quality protein. The high-quality protein of managed business model canteens was mainly provided from the animal food, rather than the high-quality protein of operating managed canteens was supply by legumes food.5.The malnutrition and the nutrition surplus phenomenons of primary and secondary in the region were co-existed. The students nutritional status of different business models canteens was no difference in the overall distribution.6.The satisfaction in the service quality of employees and the overall situation in the consumer of managed canteens were relatively good. The unmanaged business canteens students were better in the satisfaction of the overall feeling of eating in canteens.