Study On Passive Construction In The Quotations From Er Cheng

The Er Cheng's Quotations keeps a record of Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi's lectures or conversation ,basically truthfully reflects the spoken characteristics of the northern song dynasty intermediate stage, and provides important corpus linguistics for us to understand language use at that time . It has inestimable value. So we select passive as the research object, and it basically can reflect the period of the development and evolution of the Chinese language.This paper uses historical comparison method, both longitudinally and transversely from the perspective of the Er Cheng's Quotations passive quantitative and qualitative analysis. And with "three planes" theory as the guide, the paper detailedly analyses the performance of the Er Cheng's Quotations passive in the syntax, semantics and pragmatics levels, demonstrating that the characteristics of the era of passive use.This paper will be divided into seven parts. The first part is the introduction, the paper briefly introduces author ,the background of the writing and version ,makes a review of the research significance and research situation ,and points out passive research value. Then summarizes the present situation of research from the vocabulary, grammar and value of the Er Cheng's Quotations respectively. Finally,the concept of passive is defined through several groups of comparison and analysis. And according to the predecessor's research results, makes some simple comb about passive research situation. The second part is"bei"(被) sentences. Firstly summarizes"bei"(被)sentences of source and historical development, and makes a detailed Syntactic analysis. Points out the tape of"bei"(被) sentences, respectively have the following three kinds:(NP2)+"bei"(被)+VP;(NP2)+"bei"(被)+NP1+VP;(NP2)+"bei"(被)+ NP1+"bei"(所)+VP. And detailed analyses each kind of syntactic component, supplemented by a detailed description of examples.At last, analyzes why the"bei"(被)sentences contain reasons.The third part is"wei"(为) sentences. Firstly summarizes"wei"(为) sentences of source and historical development,and makes a detailed syntactic analysis.Points out the type of"wei"(为)sentences,respectively have the following three kinds:(NP2)+"wei"(为)+VP;(NP2)+"wei"(为)+NP1+VP; (NP2)+"wei"(为)+NP1+"suo"(所)+VP. And detailed analyses each kind of syntactic component, supplemented by a detailed description of examples.The fourth part respectively summarizes"yu"(于)and"jian"(见) sentences of source and historical development,and makes a detailed syntactic analysis. The fifth part is passive semantic analysis. Mainly analyzes the passive from subject and object Allegations.Additionally applies linguistics sentence mode theory and the theory of"price"to preliminary discuss passive.The sixth part is pragmatic analysis from the perspective of color meaning and focus express. The conclusion analyzes the Er Cheng's Quotations passive distribution and usage characters partly through some form, compares"bei"(被)and other literature.And points out the use of passive characteristics and development situation.