| The vascular flora in Qomolangma Nature Reserve was analyzed as the whole research object. Based on the huge scale investigation and a large amount of references, adopting the theories and methods of the related disciplines like Floristic Geography, Biodiversity Protection and Utilization, Plant Ecology, etc., this paper studied the flora, diversity of species and community in the study area, from aspects like the floristic composition, characteristics, geographical correlations, origination, evolution and development, floristic zoning, etc., and put forward protection measures through analysis of rare endangered plants, national wild key protected plants and endemic plants. The main achievements were summarized as follows:1. The composing of the floristic classification(1)The plant diversity were high.There were 170 species of ferns in the nature reserve, belonging to 30 families, 51 genera; The families, genera, species of ferns in this area accounted for 68.18%, 45.24%, 36.17% of those in Tibet, and 49.18%, 25.56%, 6.80% of those in the country respectively.In the nature reserve, there were 1813 plant species (including subspecies), belonging to 110 families, 575 genera, including gymnosperms belonging to 4 families, 9 genera, 18 species; Angiosperms 106 families, 566 genera and 1795 species. The families, genera and species of seed plants, accounted for 71.43%, 50.80%, 34.23% of those in Tibet, and 36.42%, 19.25%, 6.78% of the whole country. Among them, the gymnosperms accounted for 57.14﹪, 56.25﹪, 40.91﹪of the families, genera, species respectively in Tibet, 36.36﹪, 21.95﹪, 7.35﹪of those in the country. Angiosperms accounted for 72.11﹪, 50.72﹪, 34.18﹪of those in Tibet, 36.43﹪, 19.21﹪, 6.41﹪- 7.18﹪of those in the country.(2) Advantage was apparent, characterized groups were rich On contrast with the studies on dominant plants before, over 20 species of seed plants belonged to dominant families, and more than 10 species of seed plants belonged to dominant genera. Through analysis, dominant families in the area were 27, containing 396 genera, 1418 species, accounted for 24.55%, 68.87%, 78.21% of families, genera, species respectively of seed plants in the nature reserve; dominant genera were 41, accounting for 7.13%of total genera, contained 706 species which were 38.94% of the total.Comparing families including over 10 species with those of the whole world, the families whose values were over average value were the characterized ones. There were 13 characterized families in the study area.(3)Genera including single or minor species were rich.Ferns in the nature reserve were composed of many families and genera but few species. The dominant families and genera were obvious, with many families of single genera, genera of single or minor species; there were 210 genera (including 583 species) of seed plants with minor species, and 292 genera with single species, accounting for 87.30% of the total genera and 48.18% of the total species. In the view of genera's species quantity, genera with single or minor species had high proportion, indicating that flora composition of the nature reserve was ancient in general.2. Flora composing characteristics and properties.(1)The geographical elements were comparatively complicated and the relation were extensively.(2)Tropical flora composition and temperate flora composition took up high proportion, and temperate plants dominated in general with obvious tropical-temperate transition. The flora of nature reserve was influenced and penetrated by many geographical factors。Therefore, it had developed rich floristic elements, with distinct aggregation, penetration and intersection, but distinct transitional features.(3) In the low altitude area of the Everest's south piedmont, tropic elements were the main flora composition, which greatly influenced the formation and evolution of the nature reserve, showing that the relations between flora and tropical area. 3. Rare and endangered plants are relatively rich.In this nature reserve, there are 81 species of plants which are in national first or second class protection and also provincial key protection, belonging to 14 families, 45 genera. Among them, 7 species are the national first class protected plants, and 74 species are the national second class protected plants; there are 12 species of national rare and endangered plants in the nature reserve, 4 species of which are endangered, 5 species are rare, 3 species are gradually endangered.4. New distributed and endemic species are rich in the nature reserve.Based on the identified plants list, 321 species of vascular plants, belonging to 67 families, 173 genera, are recorded and distributed in Tibet only according to"Tibetan Flora","Tibetan Vegetation"and"Tibetan Economic Plants".In contrast with the distribution record in"Tibetan Flora", 202 species of vascular plants were screened that had not been recorded in this area before, belonging to 118 genera, 60 families,5. Community types were rich.The vegetation in the nature reserve could be generally classified into 17 types, 28 community groups and 59 communities. Typical community types were Tibet redwood community, the Himalayan fir community, long-leaf spruce community, hang branches cypress community, QiaoSong community, bioswiss community, rough PiHua community, Nepal alders community, seabuckthorn community, mann cyclobalanopsis community, GaoShanLi community, muliensis community, yunnan-tibet party branch cypress community, cuckoo community, brooms rock JinLouMei community, Jinjier community, Xun son caragana polourensis community, rough PiHua - quarter, community branch willow community, grandis community and artemisia community, song grass community, korshinky community, MaXianHao community, fine leaf Siberian indicated YeZao community, and fir community. |
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