| This article looks back to the history of special education both in China and abroad.This can help us to understand the origin of the special education in the world Sometheorists and educationists Such as Comenius and Diderot discussed Possibilities ofeducation of the persons who were deaf, blind and mentally retarded Their ideaspositive to the development of the modern spcial education. Special education in theearly times,as a kind of individual education. Itard, Seguin, Hauy, L' Epee, Heinickeand MOntessori were pioneers of the practice to teach the special children. Thus thedevelopent of special education in the world Passed through theory to practice.However the modern special education system in China,as imprted from abroad. At firstsome foreign missionaries set up several charitable school for the special children.Later some Chinese included some deaf persons began to set up special schools. Thedevelopent of special education in China Passed through imitation to creation. Someeducationists such as Hu Shi and Chen Heqin had visited some foreign countries andrealized the imprtance to educate the special children according to Chinese condition.Since the twenty centuries, more children have been included in the special children.On one hand, each kind of special child wes divided into bore kinds according to theirdegrte: on the other hand, some other kinds of children were also considered as specialchildren.,ith the change of the special children, it was necessary to reform thetraditional isolated system. Thanks to the mvements of Normlization and No Labeling,the expression SPECIAL CHILIDREN was taken place by CHILDREN WITH SPECIAl. EDUCTlON NEEDS.Thus more children have been included in special education programs, and the mainl bodyof special children has changed. In l994, Inclusive Education was announced at the worldi Conference on Special Needs Education. It called that all the children should go to school.It was quite different from the isolated systems. lt requires offering flexibleamepent to the special children, Which should be the least restricted enviroarentfor them Every child should be taught according to its own Individual Education Plans.In recent years, mny artic1es concentrate on the fO11o,ing fie1ds: (l) about thec1assification of the special chi1dren; (2) about the identification and diagnose ofchildren,ith specia1 needs: (3) about the settlement of different chi1dren,i th specialneeds: (4) about thee 1a's on the chi1dren,ith special needs. 1n different countries,the concept and c1assification of specia1 chi1dren are qUite different.There are severa1 trends of specia1 1earuers, such as: (1) rea1ize the difference bet'eenhandiC8P and disability, Pay sore attention to the education of children,ith 1earningdisabi1ity: (2) based on the 8cientific research, the education for the gifted andtalented chi1dren are t.ken into account; (3) Qffer surviva1 education to the chi1dren,ith specia1 needs, emPhasize on the chi1dren's advantage and POtentiality: (4) offerlife-1ong education to the children,ith special needs, increase the co--operationbeteeen schoo1s and society: (5)serve fOr the children through a11-round ray.The effects of the trends to the special education in China are: (l) helping more specialchi1dren to enjoy edUcation under the gUide of huamism and eqUal edllcation opPOrtunity' for a1l: (2) teaching the chi1dren,ith specia1 needs according to individua1 characters,dra' up individua1 education p1ans: (3) offering surviva1 education according to thechi1dren's characteristics, help them prepe fOr the socia1 1ife and competition: (4)insisting on qlla1ity edUcation, paying attention to the gifted and talented chi1dren,training high-quality citizens; (5)understanding the POsi tion of the special learnersin the integYating prope, exerting their potentia1 and advantages: (6) reforming thespecia1-teachet Itraining syste' estab1ishing the system of certification of sP... |
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