Social Pension Insurance Of Migrant Workers In The Urban-rurual Dual Structure

Migrant workers have made irreplaceable contributions to the economical development of our country, while they haven't enjoyed the basic pension insurance. When analyzing the reasons why it is difficult to establish the system of migrant workers'pension insurance, political and economic duality is the major one. Specifically, considering the social security system in which duality is also demonstrated, and in the urban areas well-developed social security system has been established, while in the rural areas migrant workers only enjoy the lowest level of security—the social relief.Considering the deficiency of pension insurance among migrant workers, it's mainly attributed to the joint effects given by the five elements including census register system; system of the land; government; enterprises and migrant workers. Census register system radically impede migrant workers'access to the present urban pension insurance system; and in rural areas farmers'pension insurance is mainly dependent on land and housing security, however, the function of providing care to the aged of present land system has been retrograding, which erases the possibility of migrant workers'relying on the land in the aged days. Meanwhile, government directly leads to the deficiency of public responsibility because of restrictions on the financial support; and enterprises in pursuit of the utmost benefits runs the whole business with a tendency of avoiding paying for migrant workers'pension insurances in order to decrease the pressure upon enterprises; moreover, migrant workers, as the final beneficiary, are greatly mobile and bear the severe economic pressure of their families, and all this brings about the difficulty or actively refusal to pension insurances, aside from this migrant workers have relatively lower level of literacy and results the weaker awareness of protecting their own rights, therefore deterioration of the situation comes into being.According to the statistics of 2007, the number of migrant workers in our country amounts to 0.12 billion. In the exterior environment of land pension insurance's and household pension security's functions retrograding, it is especially crucial how the problem on caring the aged as to this enormous group of people. In order to solve the problem there are two alternatives: one is the ideal, that is, to establish the unitary pension security system, which is the ultimate endeavoring direction of solving migrant workers'problem on providing care for the aged, and the major difficulty of the establishment is to shoulder the financing gap of RMB 200 million in the present system; RMB 80 million cost on transforming the system; RMB 3000 billion invisible debts, total RMB 30280 million, and this is the amount that our national fiscal solvency cannot undertake at present, thus there is lack of feasibility of this ideal solution. The other is realistic, that is, to reform the present rural pension security system in order to ensure the old get cared and enjoy their rest of life.