Research On The Ecological Compensation System For Mineral Resources Development

With the rapid development of China’s industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction enlarges increasingly between the rapid development of economic and society and the pressure of resources and environment. The ecological environment of many resources-oriented areas has deteriorated and faced higher risks. It is great significant to establish ecological compensation system for strengthening the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the sustainable development of resource-oriented areas.China’s “constitution”, “environmental protection law” and “mineral resources law” include some details about the ecological compensation on mineral resources development. The "decision" of CCP fourth plenary session of eighteen sessionsfurther clarify put forwards establishing perfect laws and regulations of ecological compensation and the soil, water and air pollution controlling to promote the construction of ecological civilization.Some provincialgovernments also have carried out this system in practice,but we could find that the system still contains several problems during the course of its development, such as the legal basis of ecological compensation being not sufficient and the legislative principleis not accurate enough; the lack of resources development opportunity cost loss compensation; on the ecological environment governance, not enough attention to social problems; inadequate public participation in the process of resource development and environmental protection; environmental protection and resource development management system being not perfect; system execution being not strong and so on. At the same time, America, Germany, Britain, Brazil and other countries has established perfect systems on the ecological compensation management system,compensation subject, compensation funding sources and other key issues. The valuable experiences from these countries provide valuable enlightenment for the perfection on the relevant system design of China.Based on analyzing the existing problems of ecological compensation system for mineral resources development of our country and learning from international experiences, the paper analyzes the broad sense and narrow sense connotation of the ecological compensation,starting with the analysis of social relations of ecological compensation.The generalized concept in this paperincludes not only for the compensation of ecological functional value, but also the compensation of the environment pollution and damage in the resources development process.The article puts forward the ideas and principles of ecological compensation system for mineral resources development in China. These ideas includes the principle of ecological compensation, the subject of ecological compensation, the standard of ecological compensation, the sources of ecological compensation funds(such as mineral resources tax, margin system, market financing channels, the ecological risk fund), compensation method, compensation funds implementation evaluation and so on.