Research On The Ecological Compensation System For Mineral Resources Development Of China

As rapid industrialization and urbanization process,the mineral resources which is the basic material of economy has been exploited constantly.But due to economic pr ofit,human being have been overusing mineral resources so that led to a series of ec ological environment problems,which has made an increasingly tense relationship bet ween ecological protection and economic development,so the ecological compensation system has emerged at the historic moment.Now the ecological compensation system has been gradually developed a long-term mechanism of balancing the interest,but t here are still many problems in the process of construction and implementation of eco logical compensation system for mineral resources development in China,which restric ts the construction of ecological civilization,and affects the construction of harmoniou s society.So we should base on the theories the consistency of rights and obligations,environmental rights and environmental justice,use method of the literature analysis and theoretical analysis dissect the connotation,legal relationship,achievements and de ficiencies of mineral resources ecological compensation system in China,provide refer ence and support for its improvement.First of all,this paper defined the connotation and extension of the ecological compensation for mineral resources development in China based on the consistency of rights and obligations and environmental justice,the core basis is increase or decrease of the ecological benefits,the beneficial owner should compensate the contributor.Through the analysis of the legal relationship of ecological compensation of mineral resources,we know the nation,developers and other beneficiaries are the main part of payment,the residents in the mining area or the ecological service provider should obtain the benefit,ecological environment and mining area residents are the main object of compensation.Secondly,there are some problems through analysis the construction of mineral resources ecological compensation system in China: the top-level design can not meet the actual demand,the standard of mine environmental restoration margin deposit and deposit rate are too low,the way is single.It is unknown of the nature about ecological compensation of mineral resources development tax.It is unreasonable of the income distribution and use.The scope of mine ecological compensation demonstration project is narrow,the process is slow and the supervision mechanism is not perfect,which hinder the play of ecological compensation system.Then,through studying the related study abroad system,summarizing the enlightenment,China should reference the complete legal system,strict distinction,scientific and perfect exit mechanism,fund guarantee and supervision guarantee system.Finally,China should strengthen the legislation,increase operational requirements on the basis of above mentioned,improve the mine ecological environment restoration margin system by improving the standards,diversifying the way of deposit,establishing a strict return mechanism,so the mechanism can play a fully incentive and constraint role.The resource tax system should improve the distribution system and reform in an ecological way to ensure the compensation funding of mining area;expand the scale of green mining and other demonstration projects;the supervision system will be perfect by establishing a scientific and strict supervision mechanism and forming a vertical management system,so that the ecological compensation system for mineral resources will be more and more improved.