Research On Cluster-based Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) which integrate four major technologies containing sensors, embedded computing, distributed information processing and the wireless communications, is a new information acquisition, processing and transmission technology. It can be applied to military, environmental monitoring, medical care, business and other fields.So it has very broad application prospects, which led academic and industry attention to.Firstly, this dissertion introduces basic concepts of wireless sensor network and research status of routing protocols.By analyzing the balance of the entire network and analysis on energy consumption of nodes, cluster hierarchy has advantages on the network life cycle.Secondly, it analyses wireless sensor network clustering hierarchy protocol. Focusing on three aspects which is the choice from the cluster head, cluster formation and multi-hop Routing of the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy), combined with NS2 simulation, results show that, LEACH protocol greatly enhanced the entire network life cycle.Thirdly, for unequal power cost in the process of the choice of cluster head and the formation of clusters, the LEACH protocol does not consider the remaining energy of the cluster head and the size of the cluster,This lead to the "hot spots" problem.To solve this problem,a new Energy and Distance Clustering Hierarchy protocol (EDCH) has been pointed.Through NS2 simulation,the results show that EDCH protocol significantly enhance the life cycle of network.Fourthly, to solve the problem about the energy too large cost of the LEACH and EDCH protocol caused by direct communication between the the cluster head and the base station, which led to premature deaths across the whole network, multi-hop routing has been pointed.This enhance the life time of the entire network.Finally, combination with three aspects about choice of energy and distance-based cluster head, adjust to the size of cluster according to the distance from the base station and multi-hop routing, together with the discussion of the optimized number of cluster heads, a new Energy and Distance Multi-hop Routing Clustering Hierarchy protocol (EDMRCH) has been pointed.Through NS2 simulation,results show that, EDMRCH protocol greatly enhance the life cycle of the network and network scalability.