Optical packet switching (OPS) network is believed to be the future developing direction, in which the realization of all-optical switching will not only overcome the electrical bottleneck, but offer the network dominances of scalability, ultra-high speed, switching granularity diversity and high resources efficiency etc. In optical packet switching, all-optical signal processing is essential, the technologies of header extraction and optical signal comparator as the important components of all-optical signal processing have far-reaching influence on all-optical signal regeneration, all-optical wavelength conversion, optical computing and so on. This dissertation mainly focused on the studies of header extraction and optical signal comparator in all-optical signal processing and the main researches are as follows:1. Introduce some kinds of technology on extracting header. Comparison between the existing schemes of packet header and payload separating shows that the scheme using two SOA-based Math-Zehnder interferometers (SOA-MZI) is not stable enough, and that the scheme based on TOAD must satisfy the certain conditions:△t |