| Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a novel technology for acquiring and processing information, which is made by the convergence of wireless communications, sensors, nested computation, and network technologies. It is a typical wireless network without infrastructure. WSNs consist of a large number of energy-constraint, small and unchangeable sensors. So energy is the most important resources in WSNs, which directly affects the lifetime of WSNs.In this paper, we focus on the energy consumption. After introducing the characteristics and application of WSNs, we firstly make a survey on energy consumption. Then we analyze the node design and MAC protocol of WSNs.Sensors are typically capable of wireless communication and are significantly constrained in the amount of available resources such as energy, storage and computation. Such constraints make the design and operation of sensor networks considerably different from contemporary wireless networks. A scheme of node design based on MSP430 and ARM dual-CPU configuration is put forward towards these restrains. The designs of each section and key component in the scheme are aimed at the characteristics of WSNs, which can meet the practical need.Medium access protocols provide the greatest influence over communication mechanisms and provide the most direct influence over the utilization of the transceiver, the largest energy consumer in most sensor nodes. The MAC concepts in relation to sensor networks and characteristics of sensor networks are firstly discussed. A novel energy efficient selforganization and medium access control protocols (FT-MAC) was then proposed for WSNs, which is based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) principle. This protocol participate all the nodes in the cluster and can offer more reasonable means for networks management. Simulation results show that the protocol can reduce energy consume of networks, and extend the life of the networks. |
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