| The rapid advances in sensor, memoery and radio technology have enabled the development of wireless sensor networks. In the thesis, the concepts, the system structure and features of WSN are introduced firstly. In addition, we study the characteristic of routing protocols in WSN and requirements for design. Meanwhile, several typical routing protocols are analyzed and evaluated overall. Based on the study above, we present a novel efficient energy cluster-based routing protocol (EECRP) used in the large scale WSN with continuous data stream.EECRP consists of cluster formation protocol, routing protocol mtra-cluster and routing protocol inter-clusters. In cluster head selection phase, a routing weighted function is adopted to consider fully the residual energy of nodes, which can make the cluster head selection more reasonable. In addition, the sensor nodes choose the cluster head by considering not only received signal strength from cluster head but also two distance factors: distance between member nodes and cluster head as well as between cluster head and base station.We introduce a clustering cost function Cost(i,j) for nodes to make decision and choose a cluster with minimum cost to join so as to balance the energy consumption of the whole network. As for the intra-cluster routing protocol, a simple single-hop routmg is presented due to short distances between member nodes and cluster head. In order to solve the routing problem among clusters in large scale network, an algorithm for minimum generating tree is proposed to balance energy consumption and mulit-hop route data from cluster head to base station as soon as possible.Finally, we evaluate the performance of EECRP with OMNET++. The simulation results show that EECRP manifest better permance in terms of prolonging network life and balancing the load of energy consumption among nodes. In particular, the advantage of EECRP has been obviously demonstrated in large scale WSN. |
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