The Research Of Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of a large number of sensor nodes which integrate sensor, the unit for data processing and the module for the short distance wireless communication. The networks is a kind of wireless ad-hoc networks with a distinct data-centric property, and the objective of sensor networks is to sense, collect and process the information of the various environments or the detected objects in the coverage area of the networks, and then send the sensing information to the user. At present, WSNs has been utilitied for the health care, military defense, anti-terrorist, disaster prevention and other commercial area. Both academic and industries have shown great interest in Wireless Sensor Networks.The study of routing protocol for WSNs is the main part of this dissertation. The number of sensor nodes in WSNs is numerous and single node is extraordinarily limited in resource. The most significant aim of designing routing protocol of WSNs is to reduce the overall energy dissipated in the network and to maximize the network lifetime. This dissertation focuses on the routing protocol for wireless sensor network and its energy saving optimization and has some research on following aspects:(1) In the first, the history of WSNs, the differences between WSNs and traditional networks and the applications of WSNs are discussed. And the author gave the purpose of this paper and listed the work which will done in this paper.(2) The author introduced the routing protocols, the gave the classifications of routing protocols of WSNs and contrast of several kinds of existing routing protocols. After that, the author abstracted the characteristics of routing protocols of WSNs and gave some factors which must be considered when designing new routing protocols.(3) Some routing protocols of wireless sensor networks whose applications are restricted or systems are not energy-efficient thus lifetime is short are analyzed.To achieve better system performance the author presents a new network model——Energy-efficient Clustering Hierarchy Model for Wireless Sensor Networks(ECHM). In the model, based on the distance to sink, nodes are organized into unequal clusters. The farther, the larger; the nearer, the smaller. The cluster-headers communicate with sink by multi-hop. In this way, we balance the energy consumption by controlling the size of the clusters.(4)The PEGASIS routing protocol is analyzed more importantly. Making use of the model we presented, we improved PEGASIS by reducing the range of forming chain and change the way of choosing leaders. The algorithms are simulated by using Matlab platform. Test result shows that, compared to LEACH and PEGASIS, improved PEGASIS has several better performance: less energy consuming, less delay and long lifetime.At the end, the author concluded the work which has been done in this paper and listed the following work which will be done in the future.